## main297-python

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    # main297.py is a part of the PYTHIA event generator.
    # Copyright (C) 2026 Torbjorn Sjostrand.
    # PYTHIA is licenced under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING for details.
    # Please respect the MCnet Guidelines, see GUIDELINES for details.

    # Authors:
    #            Philip Ilten
    #            Artem Havryliuk
    #            Jim Pivarski

    # Keywords:
    #            Python
    #            Parallelism

    # This example shows how to use the Awkward array interface to
    # generating Pythia events.

    # To set the path to the Pythia 8 Python interface do either
    # (in a shell prompt):
    #      export PYTHONPATH=$(PREFIX_LIB):$PYTHONPATH
    # or the following which sets the path from within Python.
    import sys
    cfg = open("Makefile.inc")
    lib = "../lib"
    for line in cfg:
        if line.startswith("PREFIX_LIB="): lib = line[11:-1]; break
    sys.path.insert(0, lib)

    # Import the Pythia module.
    import pythia8

    #==========================================================================

    # The following code demonstrates how to use the nextBatch function to
    # generate an Awkward array of events using a single Pythia instance.

    # Create a Pythia instance.
    pythia = pythia8.Pythia()
    pythia.readString("Beams:eCM = 8000.")
    pythia.readString("HardQCD:all = on")
    pythia.readString("PhaseSpace:pTHatMin = 20.")
    pythia.init()

    # Generate a run of events.
    run = pythia.nextBatch(2)

    # The following is intended to demonstrate the structure of the
    # returned array. Normally, you would not use a for loop like this and
    # instead use array slicing, which is shown later.
    for event in run:

        # The event object consists of the event info, accessed as
        # event.info, and the particles, accessed as event.prt.

        # Print the ID of the first scattering parton for each event.
        # Most, but not all, of the event info is available this way,
        # where the naming convention follows the methods of the Info
        # class in Pythia.
        print(event.info.id1)

        # Loop over the particles.
        for prt in event.prt:

            # Print the ID of the first scattering parton. The
            # particle information is accessible in a similar fashion to
            # the event info, where all the relevant data members of the
            # Particle class in Pythia are available.
            if (prt.status != -21): continue
            print(prt.id)

            # Print the particle energy. The momentum is accessed via
            # prt.p, and has the relevant Vec4 data members: px, py, pz,
            # and e.
            vec = prt.p
            print(vec.e)
            break

    #==========================================================================

    # The nextBatch method is also available for PythiaParallel. The
    # configuration of PythiaParallel is the same as shown in
    # main221.cc. However, an event analysis function is not needed,
    # because the result is instead the full event record for each event.

    # Create and initialize the parallel instance.
    pythia = pythia8.PythiaParallel()
    pythia.readString("Beams:eCM = 8000.")
    pythia.readString("HardQCD:all = on")
    pythia.readString("PhaseSpace:pTHatMin = 20.")
    pythia.init()

    # Generate events.
    events = pythia.nextBatch(1000)

    # Generally, we would use array slicing to perform operations on the
    # event record. There are some good examples given with the Awkward
    # library.
    # https://awkward-array.org/doc/main/getting-started/
    # jagged-ragged-awkward-arrays.html

    # We can use array slicing to quickly access all the charged pions in
    # the event.
    cpis = events.prt[abs(events.prt.id) == 211]

    # We can then plot the energy of these pions. The following requires
    # matplotlib to be installed.
    #     python -m pip install matplotlib
    # To make a histogram of the array, we have to flatten it with the
    # awkward.flatten method.
    import awkward as ak
    try:
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        fig, ax = plt.subplots()
        ax.hist(ak.flatten(cpis.p.e))
        fig.savefig("main297_e.pdf")
    except:
        pass

    # It is possible to also use the scikit-hep vector package to interact
    # with the particle momentum as a four-vector. The following requires
    # the vector package to be installed.
    #     python -m pip install vector
    try:
        import vector

        # This tells vector to convert compatible Awkward arrays into
        # appropriate vector objects.
        vector.register_awkward()

        # We can now plot the pseudorapidity of the charged pions. Here,
        # the eta member of the charged pion momenta is now available as
        # p.eta. Similarly, methods like phi, etc. are available.
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        fig, ax = plt.subplots()
        ax.hist(ak.flatten(cpis.p.eta))
        fig.savefig("main297_eta.pdf")
    except:
        pass