RANGER(1)

NAME
ranger - visual file manager

SYNOPSIS
ranger [--version] [--help] [--debug] [--clean] [--confdir=directory] [--copy-config=which] [--choosefile=target] [--choosefiles=target] [--choosedir=target] [--selectfile=filepath] [--list-unused-keys] [--list-tagged-files=tag] [--profile] [--cmd=command] [path]

DESCRIPTION
ranger is a console file manager with VI key bindings.

RESOURCES
This manual contains instructions on how to use and configure ranger.

Inside ranger, you can press ? for a list of key bindings, commands or settings.

The README contains install instructions.

The file HACKING.md contains guidelines for code modification.

The directory doc/configs contains configuration files. They are usually installed to /usr/share/doc/ranger/config and can be obtained with ranger's --copy-config option.

The directory examples contains reference implementations for ranger plugins, sample configuration files and some programs for integrating ranger with other software. They are usually installed to /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples.

The man page of rifle(1) describes the functions of the file opener

The section LINKS of this man page contains further resources.

OPTIONS

-d, --debug
    Activate the debug mode: Whenever an error occurs, ranger will exit and print a full traceback. The default behavior is to merely print the name of the exception in the statusbar/log and try to keep running.

-c, --clean
    Activate the clean mode: ranger will not access or create any configuration files nor will it leave any traces on your system. This is useful when your configuration is broken, when you want to avoid clutter, etc.

-r dir, --confdir=dir
    Change the configuration directory of ranger from ~/.config/ranger to "dir".

--copy-config=file
    Create copies of the default configuration files in your local configuration directory. Existing ones will not be overwritten. Possible values: all, commands, commands_full, rc, rifle, scope.

    Note: You may want to disable loading of the global configuration files by exporting RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC=FALSE in your environment. See also: FILES, ENVIRONMENT

    --copy-config=commands will copy only a small sample configuration file with a thoroughly commented example. It is recommended to keep this file tidy to avoid getting defunct commands on ranger upgrades. The full default commands.py can be copied with --copy-config=commands_full, but that file will be ignored by ranger and serves only as a reference for making your own commands.

--choosefile=targetfile
    Allows you to pick a file with ranger. This changes the behavior so that when you open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute path of that file into targetfile.

--choosefiles=targetfile
    Allows you to pick multiple files with ranger. This changes the behavior so that when you open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute paths of all selected files into targetfile, adding one newline after each filename.

--choosedir=targetfile
    Allows you to pick a directory with ranger. When you exit ranger, it will write the last visited directory into targetfile.

--selectfile=targetfile
    Open ranger with targetfile selected.

--list-unused-keys
    List common keys which are not bound to any action in the "browser" context. This list is not complete, you can bind any key that is supported by curses: use the key code returned by "getch()".

--list-tagged-files=tag
    List all files which are tagged with the given tag. Note: Tags are single characters. The default tag is "*"

--profile
    Print statistics of CPU usage on exit.

--cmd=command
    Execute the command after the configuration has been read. Use this option multiple times to run multiple commands.

--version
    Print the version and exit.

-h, --help
    Print a list of options and exit.

CONCEPTS
This part explains how certain parts of ranger work and how they can be used efficiently.

  TAGS
Tags are single characters which are displayed left of a filename. You can use tags however you want. Press "t" to toggle tags and "ut" to remove any tags of the selection. The default tag is an Asterisk ("*"), but you can use any tag by typing "<tagname>.

  PREVIEWS
By default, only text files are previewed, but you can enable external preview scripts by setting the option "use_preview_script" and "preview_files" to true.

This default script is ~/.config/ranger/scope.sh. It contains more documentation and calls to the programs lynx and elinks for html, highlight for text/code, img2txt for images, atool for archives, pdftotext for PDFs and mediainfo for video and audio files.

Install these programs (just the ones you need) and scope.sh will automatically use them.

Independently of the preview script, there is a feature to preview images by drawing them directly into the terminal. To enable this feature, set the option "preview_images" to true and enable one of the image preview modes:

w3m

This does not work over ssh, requires certain terminals (tested on "xterm" and "urxvt") and is incompatible with tmux, although it works with screen.

To enable this feature, install the program "w3m" and set the option "preview_images_method" to w3m.

iTerm2

This only works in iTerm2 compiled with image preview support, but works over ssh.

To enable this feature, set the option "preview_images_method" to iterm2.

  SELECTION
The selection is defined as "All marked files IF THERE ARE ANY, otherwise the current file." Be aware of this when using the :delete command, which deletes all files in the selection.

You can mark files by pressing <Space>, v, etc. A yellow Mrk symbol at the bottom right indicates that there are marked files in this directory.

  MACROS
Macros can be used in commands to abbreviate things.

 %f   the highlighted file
 %d   the path of the current directory
 %s   the selected files in the current directory.
 %t   all tagged files in the current directory
 %c   the full paths of the currently copied/cut files

The macros %f, %d and %s also have upper case variants, %F, %D and %S, which refer to the next tab. To refer to specific tabs, add a number in between. (%7s = selection of the seventh tab.)

%c is the only macro which ranges out of the current directory. So you may "abuse" the copying function for other purposes, like diffing two files which are in different directories:

 Yank the file A (type yy), move to the file B, then type
 @diff %c %f

Macros for file paths are generally shell-escaped so they can be used in the "shell" command.

Additionally, if you create a key binding that uses <any>, a special statement which accepts any key, then the macro %any (or %any0, %any1, %any2, ...) can be used in the command to get the key that was pressed.

The macro %rangerdir expands to the directory of ranger's python library, you can use it for something like this command:
  alias show_commands shell less %rangerdir/config/commands.py

The macro %space expands to a space character. You can use it to add spaces to the end of a command when needed, while preventing editors to strip spaces off the end of the line automatically.

  BOOKMARKS
Type m<key> to bookmark the current directory. You can re-enter this directory by typing `<key>. <key> can be any letter or digit. Unlike vim, both lowercase and uppercase bookmarks are persistent.

Each time you jump to a bookmark, the special bookmark at key ` will be set to the last directory. So typing "``" gets you back to where you were before.

Bookmarks are selectable when tabbing in the :cd command.

Note: The bookmarks ' (Apostrophe) and ` (Backtick) are the same.

  RIFLE
Rifle is the file opener of ranger. It can be used as a standalone program or a python module. It is located at ranger/ext/rifle.py. In contrast to other, more simple file openers, rifle can automatically find installed programs so it can be used effectively out of the box on a variety of systems.

It's configured in rifle.conf through a list of conditions and commands. For each line the conditions are checked and if they are met, the respective command is taken into consideration. By default, simply the first matching rule is used. In ranger, you can list and choose rules by typing "r" or simply by typing "<rulenumber><enter>". If you use rifle standalone, you can list all rules with the "-l" option and pick a rule with "-p <number>".

The rules, along with further documentation, are contained in ranger/config/rifle.conf.

  FLAGS
Flags give you a way to modify the behavior of the spawned process. They are used in the commands ":open_with" (key "r") and ":shell" (key "!").

 f   Fork the process.  (Run in background)
 c   Run the current file only, instead of the selection
 r   Run application with root privilege (requires sudo)
 t   Run application in a new terminal window

There are some additional flags that can currently be used only in the "shell" command: (for example ":shell -w df")

 p   Redirect output to the pager
 s   Silent mode.  Output will be discarded.
 w   Wait for an Enter-press when the process is done

By default, all the flags are off unless specified otherwise in the rifle.conf configuration file. You can specify as many flags as you want. An uppercase flag negates the effect: "ffcccFsf" is equivalent to "cs".

The terminal program name for the "t" flag is taken from the environment variable $TERMCMD. If it doesn't exist, it tries to extract it from $TERM and uses "xterm" as a fallback if that fails.

Examples: ":open_with c" will open the file that you currently point at, even if you have selected other files. ":shell -w df" will run "df" and wait for you to press Enter before switching back to ranger.

  PLUGINS
ranger's plugin system consists of python files which are located in ~/.config/ranger/plugins/ and are imported in alphabetical order when starting ranger. A plugin changes rangers behavior by overwriting or extending a function that ranger uses. This allows you to change pretty much every part of ranger, but there is no guarantee that things will continue to work in future versions as the source code evolves.

There are some hooks that are specifically made for the use in plugins. They are functions that start with hook_ and can be found throughout the code.

 grep 'def hook_' -r /path/to/rangers/source

Also try:

 pydoc ranger.api

Note that you should NOT simply overwrite a function unless you know what you're doing. Instead, save the existing function and call it from your new one. This way, multiple plugins can use the same hook. There are several sample plugins in the /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/ directory, including a hello-world plugin that describes this procedure.

KEY BINDINGS
Key bindings are defined in the file ranger/config/rc.conf. Check this file for a list of all key bindings. You can copy it to your local configuration directory with the --copy-config=rc option.

Many key bindings take an additional numeric argument. Type 5j to move down 5 lines, 2l to open a file in mode 2, 10<Space> to mark 10 files.

This list contains the most useful bindings:

  MAIN BINDINGS

h, j, k, l
    Move left, down, up or right

^D or J, ^U or K
    Move a half page down, up

H, L
    Move back and forward in the history

gg  Move to the top

G   Move to the bottom

[, ]
    Move up and down in the parent directory.

^R  Reload everything

^L  Redraw the screen

i   Inspect the current file in a bigger window.

E   Edit the current file in $EDITOR ("nano" by default)

S   Open a shell in the current directory

?   Opens this man page

W   Opens the log window where you can review messages that pop up at the bottom.

w   Opens the task window where you can view and modify background processes that currently run in ranger. In there, you can type "dd" to abort a process and "J" or "K" to change the priority of a process. Only one process is run at a time.

^C  Stop the currently running background process that ranger has started, like copying files, loading directories or file previews.

<octal>=, +<who><what>, -<who><what>
    Change the permissions of the selection. For example, "777=" is equivalent to "chmod 777 %s", "+ar" does "chmod a+r %s", "-ow" does "chmod o-w %s" etc.

yy  Copy (yank) the selection, like pressing Ctrl+C in modern GUI programs.

dd  Cut the selection, like pressing Ctrl+X in modern GUI programs.

pp  Paste the files which were previously copied or cut, like pressing Ctrl+V in modern GUI programs.

po  Paste the copied/cut files, overwriting existing files.

pP, pO
    Like pp and po, but queues the operation so that it will be executed after any other operations. Reminder: type "w" to open the task window.

pl, pL
    Create symlinks (absolute or relative) to the copied files

phl Create hardlinks to the copied files

pht Duplicate the subdirectory tree of the copied directory, then create hardlinks for each contained file into the new directory tree.

mX  Create a bookmark with the name X

`X  Move to the bookmark with the name X

n   Find the next file. By default, this gets you to the newest file in the directory, but if you search something using the keys /, cm, ct, ..., it will get you to the next found entry.

N   Find the previous file.

oX  Change the sort method (like in mutt)

zX  Change settings. See the settings section for a list of settings and their hotkey.

u?  Universal undo-key. Depending on the key that you press after "u", it either restores closed tabs (uq), removes tags (ut), clears the copy/cut buffer (ud), starts the reversed visual mode (uV) or clears the selection (uv).

f   Quickly navigate by entering a part of the filename.

Space
    Mark a file.

v   Toggle the mark-status of all files

V   Starts the visual mode, which selects all files between the starting point and the cursor until you press ESC. To unselect files in the same way, use "uV".

/   Search for files in the current directory.

:   Open the console.

!   Open the console with the content "shell " so you can quickly run commands

@   Open the console with the content "shell %s", placing the cursor before the " %s" so you can quickly run commands with the current selection as the argument.

r   Open the console with the content "open with " so you can decide which program to use to open the current file selection.

cd  Open the console with the content "cd "

Alt-N
    Open a tab. N has to be a number from 0 to 9. If the tab doesn't exist yet, it will be created.

gn, ^N
    Create a new tab.

gt, gT
    Go to the next or previous tab. You can also use TAB and SHIFT+TAB instead.

gc, ^W
    Close the current tab. The last tab cannot be closed this way.

M   A key chain that allows you to quickly change the line mode of all the files of the current directory. For a more permanent solution, use the command "default_linemode" in your rc.conf.

  READLINE-LIKE BINDINGS IN THE CONSOLE

^B, ^F
    Move left and right (B for back, F for forward)

^P, ^N
    Move up and down (P for previous, N for Next)

^A, ^E
    Move to the start or to the end

^D  Delete the current character.

^H  Backspace.

MOUSE BUTTONS

Left Mouse Button
    Click on something and you'll move there. To run a file, "enter" it, like a directory, by clicking on the preview.

Right Mouse Button
    Enter a directory or run a file.

Scroll Wheel
    Scrolls up or down. You can point at the column of the parent directory while scrolling to switch directories.

SETTINGS
This section lists all built-in settings of ranger. The valid types for the value are in [brackets]. The hotkey to toggle the setting is in <brokets>, if a hotkey exists.

Settings can be changed in the file ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf or on the fly with the command :set option value. Examples:

 set column_ratios 1,2,3
 set show_hidden true

The different types of settings and an example for each type:

 setting type   | example values
 ---------------+----------------------------
 bool           | true, false
 integer        | 1, 23, 1337
 string         | foo, hello world
 list           | 1,2,3,4
 none           | none

You can view a list of all settings and their current values by pressing "3?" in ranger.

automatically_count_files [bool]
    Should ranger count and display the number of files in each directory as soon as it's visible? This gets slow with remote file sytems. Turning it off will still allow you to see the number of files after entering the directory.

autosave_bookmarks [bool]
    Save bookmarks (used with mX and `X) instantly? This helps to synchronize bookmarks between multiple ranger instances but leads to *slight* performance loss. When false, bookmarks are saved when ranger is exited.

autoupdate_cumulative_size [bool]
    You can display the "real" cumulative size of directories by using the command :get_cumulative_size or typing "dc". The size is expensive to calculate and will not be updated automatically. You can choose to update it automatically though by turning on this option.

cd_bookmarks [bool]
    Specify whether bookmarks should be included in the tab completion of the "cd" command.

collapse_preview [bool] <zc>
    When no preview is visible, should the last column be squeezed to make use of the whitespace?

colorscheme [string]
    Which colorscheme to use? These colorschemes are available by default: default, jungle, snow. Snow is a monochrome scheme, jungle replaces blue directories with green ones for better visibility on certain terminals.

column_ratios [list]
    How many columns are there, and what are their relative widths? For example, a value of 1,1,1 would mean 3 evenly sized columns. 1,1,1,1,4 means 5 columns with the preview column being as large as the other columns combined.

confirm_on_delete [string]
    Ask for a confirmation when running the "delete" command? Valid values are "always" (default), "never", "multiple". With "multiple", ranger will ask only if you delete multiple files at once.

dirname_in_tabs [bool]
    Display the directory name in tabs?

display_size_in_main_column [bool]
    Display the file size in the main column?

display_size_in_status_bar [bool]
    Display the file size in the status bar?

display_tags_in_all_columns [bool]
    Display tags in all columns?

draw_borders [bool]
    Draw borders around columns?

draw_progress_bar_in_statusbar [bool]
    Draw a progress bar in the status bar which displays the average state of all currently running tasks which support progress bars?

flushinput [bool] <zi>
    Flush the input after each key hit? One advantage is that when scrolling down with "j", ranger stops scrolling instantly when you release the key. One disadvantage is that when you type commands blindly, some keys might get lost.

hidden_filter [string]
    A regular expression pattern for files which should be hidden. For example, this pattern will hide all files that start with a dot or end with a tilde.

     set hidden_filter ^\.|~$

idle_delay [integer]
    The delay that ranger idly waits for user input, in milliseconds, with a resolution of 100ms. Lower delay reduces lag between directory updates but increases CPU load.

max_console_history_size [integer, none]
    How many console commands should be kept in history? "none" will disable the limit.

max_history_size [integer, none]
    How many directory changes should be kept in history?

metadata_deep_search [bool]
    When the metadata manager module looks for metadata, should it only look for a ".metadata.json" file in the current directory, or do a deep search and check all directories above the current one as well?

mouse_enabled [bool] <zm>
    Enable mouse input?

padding_right [bool]
    When collapse_preview is on and there is no preview, should there remain a little padding on the right? This allows you to click into that space to run the file.

preview_directories [bool] <zP>
    Preview directories in the preview column?

preview_files [bool] <zp>
    Preview files in the preview column?

preview_images [bool]
    Draw images inside the console with the external program w3mimgpreview?

preview_max_size [int]
    Avoid previewing files that exceed a certain size, in bytes. Use a value of 0 to disable this feature.

preview_script [string, none]
    Which script should handle generating previews? If the file doesn't exist, or use_preview_script is off, ranger will handle previews itself by just printing the content.

save_console_history [bool]
    Should the console history be saved on exit? If disabled, the console history is reset when you restart ranger.

scroll_offset [integer]
    Try to keep this much space between the top/bottom border when scrolling.

shorten_title [integer]
    Trim the title of the window if it gets long? The number defines how many directories are displayed at once. A value of 0 turns off this feature.

show_cursor [bool]
    Always show the terminal cursor?

show_hidden_bookmarks [bool]
    Show dotfiles in the bookmark preview window? (Type ')

show_hidden [bool] <zh>, <^H>
    Show hidden files?

sort_case_insensitive [bool] <zc>
    Sort case-insensitively? If true, "a" will be listed before "B" even though its ASCII value is higher.

sort_directories_first [bool] <zd>
    Sort directories first?

sort_reverse [bool] <or>
    Reverse the order of files?

sort_unicode [bool]
    When sorting according to some string, should the unicode characters be compared, instead of looking at the raw character values to save time?

sort [string] <oa>, <ob>, <oc>, <oe>, <om>, <on>, <ot>, <os>, <oz>
    Which sorting mechanism should be used? Choose one of atime, basename, ctime, extension, mtime, natural, type, size, random

    Note: You can reverse the order by typing an uppercase second letter in the key combination, e.g. "oN" to sort from Z to A.

status_bar_on_top [bool]
    Put the status bar at the top of the window?

tilde_in_titlebar [bool]
    Abbreviate $HOME with ~ in the title bar (first line) of ranger?

unicode_ellipsis [bool]
    Use a unicode "..." character instead of "~" to mark cut-off filenames?

update_title [bool]
    Set a window title?

update_tmux_title [bool]
    Set the title to "ranger" in the tmux program?

use_preview_script [bool] <zv>
    Use the preview script defined in the setting preview_script?

vcs_aware [bool]
    Gather and display data about version control systems. Supported vcs: git, hg.

vcs_backend_git, vcs_backend_hg, vcs_backend_bzr [string]
    Sets the state for the version control backend. The possible values are:

     disabled   don't display any information.
     local      display only local state.
     enabled    display both, local and remote state. May be slow for hg and bzr.

xterm_alt_key [bool]
    Enable this if key combinations with the Alt Key don't work for you. (Especially on xterm)

COMMANDS
You can enter the commands in the console which is opened by pressing ":".

You can always get a list of the currently existing commands by typing "2?" in ranger. For your convenience, this is a list of the "public" commands including their parameters, excluding descriptions:

 alias [newcommand] [oldcommand]
 bulkrename
 cd [directory]
 chain command1[; command2[; command3...]]
 chmod octal_number
 cmap key command
 console [-pSTARTPOSITION] command
 copycmap key newkey [newkey2...]
 copymap key newkey [newkey2...]
 copypmap key newkey [newkey2...]
 copytmap key newkey [newkey2...]
 cunmap keys...
 default_linemode [path=regexp | tag=tags] linemodename
 delete
 edit [filename]
 eval [-q] python_code
 filter [string]
 filter_inode_type [dfl]
 find pattern
 flat level
 grep pattern
 help
 linemode linemodename
 load_copy_buffer
 map key command
 mark pattern
 mark_tag [tags]
 meta key value
 mkdir dirname
 open_with [application] [flags] [mode]
 pmap key command
 prompt_metadata [key1 [key2 [...]]]
 punmap keys...
 quit
 quit!
 relink newpath
 rename_append
 rename newname
 save_copy_buffer
 scout [-FLAGS] pattern
 search pattern
 search_inc pattern
 set option value
 setintag tags option value
 setlocal [path=<path>] option value
 shell [-FLAGS] command
 terminal
 tmap key command
 touch filename
 travel pattern
 tunmap keys...
 unmap keys...
 unmark pattern
 unmark_tag [tags]

There are additional commands which are directly translated to python functions, one for every method in the ranger.core.actions.Actions class. They are not documented here, since they are mostly for key bindings, not to be typed in by a user. Read the source if you are interested in them.

These are the public commands including their descriptions:

alias [newcommand] [oldcommand]
    Copies the oldcommand as newcommand.

bulkrename
    This command opens a list of selected files in an external editor. After you edit and save the file, it will generate a shell script which does bulk renaming according to the changes you did in the file.

    This shell script is opened in an editor for you to review. After you close it, it will be executed.

cd [directory]
    The cd command changes the directory. The command ":cd -" is equivalent to typing ``.

chain command1[; command2[; command3...]]
    Combines multiple commands into one, separated by semicolons.

chmod octal_number
    Sets the permissions of the selection to the octal number.

    The octal number is between 000 and 777. The digits specify the permissions for the user, the group and others. A 1 permits execution, a 2 permits writing, a 4 permits reading. Add those numbers to combine them. So a 7 permits everything.

    Key bindings in the form of [-+]<who><what> and <octal>= also exist. For example, +ar allows reading for everyone, -ow forbids others to write and 777= allows everything.

    See also: man 1 chmod

cmap key command
    Binds keys for the console. Works like the "map" command.

console [-pN] command
    Opens the console with the command already typed in. The cursor is placed at N.

copycmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
    See "copymap"

copymap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
    Copies the keybinding key to newkey in the "browser" context. This is a deep copy, so if you change the new binding (or parts of it) later, the old one is not modified.

    To copy key bindings of the console, taskview, or pager use "copycmap", "copytmap" or "copypmap".

copypmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
    See "copymap"

copytmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
    See "copymap"

cunmap [keys...]
    Removes key mappings of the console. Works like the "unmap" command.

default_linemode [path=regexp | tag=tags] linemodename
    Sets the default linemode. See linemode command.

    Examples:

    Set the global default linemode to "permissions":
     :default_linemode permissions

    Set the default linemode to "permissions" for all files tagged with "p" or "P":
     :default_linemode tag=pP permissions

    Set the default linemode for all files in ~/books/ to "metatitle":
     :default_linemode path=/home/.*?/books/.* metatitle

delete
    Destroy all files in the selection with a roundhouse kick. ranger will ask for a confirmation if you attempt to delete multiple (marked) files or non-empty directories. This can be changed by modifying the setting "confirm_on_delete".

edit [filename]
    Edit the current file or the file in the argument.

eval [-q] python_code
    Evaluates the python code. `fm' is a reference to the FM instance. To display text, use the function `p'. The result is displayed on the screen unless you use the "-q" option.

    Examples:
     :eval fm
     :eval len(fm.tabs)
     :eval p("Hello World!")

filter [string]
    Displays only the files which contain the string in their basename. Running this command without any parameter will reset the fitler.

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

filter_inode_type [dfl]
    Displays only the files of specified inode type. To display only directories, use the 'd' parameter. To display only files, use the 'f' parameter. To display only links, use the 'l' parameter. Parameters can be combined. To remove this filter, use no parameter.

find pattern
    Search files in the current directory that contain the given (case-insensitive) string in their name as you type. Once there is an unambiguous result, it will be run immediately. (Or entered, if it's a directory.)

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

flat level
    Flattens the directory view up to the specified level. Level -1 means infinite level. Level 0 means standard view without flattened directory view. Level values -2 and less are invalid.

grep pattern
    Looks for a string in all marked files or directories.

help
    Provides a quick way to view ranger documentations.

linemode linemodename
    Sets the linemode of all files in the current directory. The linemode may be:

     "filename": display each line as "<basename>...<size>"
     "fileinfo": display each line as "<basename>...<file(1) output>"
     "permissions": display each line as "<permissions> <owner> <group> <basename>"
     "metatitle": display metadata from .metadata.json files if
         available, fall back to the "filename" linemode if no
         metadata was found.  See :meta command.

    The custom linemodes may be added by subclassing the LinemodeBase class. See the ranger.core.linemode module for some examples.

load_copy_buffer
    Load the copy buffer from ~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer. This can be used to pass the list of copied files to another ranger instance.

map key command
    Assign the key combination to the given command. Whenever you type the key/keys, the command will be executed. Additionally, if you use a quantifier when typing the key, like 5j, it will be passed to the command as the attribute "self.quantifier".

    The keys you bind with this command are accessible in the file browser only, not in the console, task view or pager. To bind keys there, use the commands "cmap", "tmap" or "pmap".

mark pattern
    Mark all files matching the regular expression pattern.

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

mark_tag [tags]
    Mark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags. When leaving out the tag argument, all tagged files are marked.

meta key value
    Set the metadata of the currently highlighted file. Example:

     :meta title The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
     :meta year 1979

    This metadata can be displayed by, for example, using the "metatitle" line mode by typing Mt.

mkdir dirname
    Creates a directory with the name dirname.

open_with [application] [flags] [mode]
    Open the selected files with the given application, unless it is omitted, in which case the default application is used. flags change the way the application is executed and are described in their own section in this man page. The mode is a number that specifies which application to use. The list of applications is generated by the external file opener "rifle" and can be displayed when pressing "r" in ranger.

    Note that if you specify an application, the mode is ignored.

pmap key command
    Binds keys for the pager. Works like the "map" command.

prompt_metadata [keys ...]
    Prompt the user to input metadata with the "meta" command for multiple keys in a row.

punmap [keys ...]
    Removes key mappings of the pager. Works like the "unmap" command.

quit
    Like quit!, but closes only this tab if multiple tabs are open.

quit!
    Quit ranger. The current directory will be bookmarked as ' so you can re-enter it by typing `` or '' the next time you start ranger.

relink newpath
    Change the link destination of the current symlink file to <newpath>. First <tab> will load the original link.

rename_append
    Opens the console with ":rename <current file>" with the cursor automatically placed before the file extension

rename newname
    Rename the current file. If a file with that name already exists, the renaming will fail. Also try the key binding A for appending something to a file name.

save_copy_buffer
    Save the copy buffer to ~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer. This can be used to pass the list of copied files to another ranger instance.

scout [-flags...] [--] pattern
    Swiss army knife command for searching, traveling and filtering files. The command takes various flags as arguments which can be used to influence its behaviour:

     -a = automatically open a file on unambiguous match
     -e = open the selected file when pressing enter
     -f = filter files that match the current search pattern
     -g = interpret pattern as a glob pattern
     -i = ignore the letter case of the files
     -k = keep the console open when changing a directory with the command
     -l = letter skipping; e.g. allow "rdme" to match the file "readme"
     -m = mark the matching files after pressing enter
     -M = unmark the matching files after pressing enter
     -p = permanent filter: hide non-matching files after pressing enter
     -s = smart case; like -i unless pattern contains upper case letters
     -t = apply filter and search pattern as you type
     -v = inverts the match

    Multiple flags can be combined. For example, ":scout -gpt" would create a :filter-like command using globbing.

search pattern
    Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive) regular expression pattern.

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

search_inc pattern
    Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive) regular expression pattern. This command gets you to matching files as you type.

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

set option value
    Assigns a new value to an option. Valid options are listed in the settings section. Use tab completion to get the current value of an option, though this doesn't work for functions and regular expressions. Valid values are:

     setting type   | example values
     ---------------+----------------------------
     bool           | true, false
     integer        | 1, 23, 1337
     string         | foo, hello world
     list           | 1,2,3,4
     none           | none

setintag tags option value
    Assigns a new value to an option, but locally for the directories that are marked with tag. This means, that this option only takes effect when visiting that directory.

setlocal [path=path] option value
    Assigns a new value to an option, but locally for the directory given by path. This means, that this option only takes effect when visiting that directory. If no path is given, uses the current directory.

shell [-flags] command
    Run a shell command. flags are discussed in their own section.

terminal
    Spawns the x-terminal-emulator starting in the current directory.

tmap key command
    Binds keys for the taskview. Works like the "map" command.

touch filename
    Creates an empty file with the name filename, unless it already exists.

travel pattern
    Filters the current directory for files containing the letters in the string, possibly with other letters in between. The filter is applied as you type. When only one directory is left, it is entered and the console is automatically reopened, allowing for fast travel. To close the console, press ESC or execute a file.

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

tunmap [keys ...]
    Removes key mappings of the taskview. Works like the "unmap" command.

unmap [keys ...]
    Removes the given key mappings in the "browser" context. To unmap key bindings in the console, taskview, or pager use "cunmap", "tunmap" or "punmap".

unmark pattern
    Unmark all files matching a regular expression pattern.

    This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

unmark_tag [tags]
    Unmark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags. When leaving out the tag argument, all tagged files are unmarked.

FILES
ranger reads several configuration files which are located in $HOME/.config/ranger or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/ranger if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is defined. You can use the --copy-config option to obtain the default configuration files. Each of the files contains further documentation.

You don't need to copy the whole file though, most configuration files are overlaid on top of the defaults (commands.py, rc.conf) or can be sub-classed (colorschemes).

That being said, the user configuration files rc.conf and commands.py are loaded only after ranger loads the default configuration files. This may lead to some confusing situations, for example when a key is being bound despite the corresponding line being removed from the user's copy of the configuration file. This behavior may be disabled with an environment variable (see also: ENVIRONMENT).

When starting ranger with the --clean option, it will not access or create any of these files.

  CONFIGURATION

rc.conf
    Contains a list of commands which are executed on startup. Mostly key bindings and settings are defined here.

commands.py
    A python module that defines commands which can be used in ranger's console by typing ":" or in the rc.conf file.

commands_full.py
    This file is copied by --copy-config=commands_full and serves as a reference for custom commands. It is entirely ignored by ranger.

rifle.conf
    This is the configuration file for the built-in file launcher called "rifle".

scope.sh
    This is a script that handles file previews. When the options use_preview_script and preview_files are set, the program specified in the option preview_script is run and its output and/or exit code determines rangers reaction.

colorschemes/
    Colorschemes can be placed here.

plugins/
    Plugins can be placed here.

  STORAGE

bookmarks
    This file contains a list of bookmarks. The syntax is /^(.):(.*)$/. The first character is the bookmark key and the rest after the colon is the path to the file. In ranger, bookmarks can be set by typing m<key>, accessed by typing '<key> and deleted by typing um<key>.

copy_buffer
    When running the command :save_copy_buffer, the paths of all currently copied files are saved in this file. You can later run :load_copy_buffer to copy the same files again, pass them to another ranger instance or process them in a script.

history
    Contains a list of commands that have been previously typed in.

tagged
    Contains a list of tagged files. The syntax is /^(.:)?(.*)$/ where the first letter is the optional name of the tag and the rest after the optional colon is the path to the file. In ranger, tags can be set by pressing t and removed with T. To assign a named tag, type "<tagname>.

ENVIRONMENT
These environment variables have an effect on ranger:

RANGER_LEVEL
    ranger sets this environment variable to "1" or increments it if it already exists. External programs can determine whether they were spawned from ranger by checking for this variable.

RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC
    If this variable is set to FALSE, ranger will not load the default rc.conf. This can save time if you copied the whole rc.conf to ~/.config/ranger/ and don't need the default one at all.

EDITOR
    Defines the editor to be used for the "E" key. Defaults to "nano".

SHELL
    Defines the shell that ranger is going to use with the :shell command and the "S" key. Defaults to "/bin/sh".

TERMCMD
    Defines the terminal emulator command that ranger is going to use with the :terminal command and the "t" run flag. Defaults to "xterm".

XDG_CONFIG_HOME
    Specifies the directory for configuration files. Defaults to $HOME/.config.

PYTHONOPTIMIZE
    This variable determines the optimize level of python.

    Using PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1 (like python -O) will make python discard assertion statements. You will gain efficiency at the cost of losing some debug info.

    Using PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2 (like python -OO) will additionally discard any docstrings. Using this will disable the <F1> key on commands.

W3MIMGDISPLAY_PATH
    By changing this variable, you can change the path of the executable file for image previews. By default, it is set to /usr/lib/w3m/w3mimgdisplay.

EXAMPLES
There are various examples on how to extend ranger with plugins or combine ranger with other programs. These can be found in the /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/ directory, or the doc/ranger/ that is provided along with the source code.

LICENSE
GNU General Public License 3 or (at your option) any later version.

LINKS

Download: <http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger-stable.tar.gz>
The project page: <http://ranger.nongnu.org/>
The mailing list: <http://savannah.nongnu.org/mail/?group=ranger>
IRC channel: #ranger on freenode.net

ranger is maintained with the git version control system. To fetch a fresh copy, run:

 git clone git://git.savannah.nongnu.org/ranger.git

SEE ALSO
rifle(1)

BUGS
Report bugs here: <https://github.com/hut/ranger/issues>

Please include as much relevant information as possible. For the most diagnostic output, run ranger like this: "PYTHONOPTIMIZE= ranger --debug"