<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<page xmlns="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" xmlns:uix="http://projectmallard.org/experimental/ui/" type="topic" id="button-menus" xml:lang="de">

  <info>
    <credit type="author">
      <name>Allan Day</name>
      <email>aday@gnome.org</email>
    </credit>

    <link type="guide" xref="ui-elements"/>
    <uix:thumb mime="image/svg" src="figures/ui-elements/button-menu.svg"/>

    <include xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="legal.xml"/>
  
    <mal:credit xmlns:mal="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" type="translator copyright">
      <mal:name>Christian Kirbach</mal:name>
      <mal:email>christian.kirbach@gmail.com</mal:email>
      <mal:years>2014</mal:years>
    </mal:credit>
  
    <mal:credit xmlns:mal="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" type="translator copyright">
      <mal:name>Mario Blättermann</mal:name>
      <mal:email>mario.blaettermann@gmail.com</mal:email>
      <mal:years>2016</mal:years>
    </mal:credit>
  </info>

<title>Knopfmenüs</title>

<p>Ein Menü, das durch Anklicken eines Knopfes geöffnet wird. Dieses kann in eine Reihe von Container-Widgets eingebettet werden, zum Beispiel Kopfleisten, Aktionsleisten, Seitenleisten oder Werkzeugleisten. <link xref="header-bar-menus">Kopfleistenmenüs</link> sind das bekannteste Beispiel.</p>

<media type="image" mime="image/svg" src="figures/ui-elements/button-menu.svg"/>

<section id="when-to-use">
<title>Anwendungsfälle</title>

<p>A menu button is a way to present additional actions or options. They are appropriate when it is necessary to provide secondary actions or options which cannot be comfortably incorporated into your primary user interface. There are two primary types of button menu:</p>

<list>
<item><p><em style="strong">Overflow menus</em>: here, the button menu serves as an extension of an existing set of controls. This can be seen in the example of <link xref="header-bar-menus">header bar menus</link>, where the menu acts a continuation of the controls presented in the header bar itself. This approach can be applied to other containers, such as action bars. These generic button menus can contain a variety of miscellaneous items that relate to the context of the menu.</p></item>
<item><p><em style="strong">Single purpose menus</em>: these provide actions and/or options for a specific area of functionality. In the same way that a menu bar presents a series of menus on different topics, so individual menu buttons can present groups of functionality, such as editing, changing the view, or providing navigation controls.</p></item>
</list>

<p>Menus provide a clear and consistent way to present diverse sets of actions and settings. At the same time, a popover with embedded controls, like buttons, sliders, spin buttons, lists and text entries, can provide a more effective interface for many tasks.</p>

<list>
<item><p>Evaluate each function within a button menu, in order to decide whether it would be better served by a different <link xref="ui-elements">user interface element</link>. While simple actions or settings can be effectively represented by menu items, others cannot. In particular, sliders, spin buttons, switches and text entries provide functionality that cannot be easily reproduced with a menu. Likewise, some entries might be better represented as icons rather than text - in which case, buttons could be more appropriate than a menu.</p></item>
<item><p>If a menu button contains a small number of items that can be more effectively represented as a group of controls, a popover containing different interface elements can be a more interesting and efficient user interface. However, this approach can easily become over-complex for larger and more diverse button menus.</p></item>
<item><p>A menu button can be combined with a small number of other interface elements, such as buttons, sliders and switches (see example below). This can enable some menu items to be presented in a more space-efficient manner, or to provide interactions that are not possible with a standard menu. However, be careful not to mix too many types of control or make the menu too complex in the process.</p></item>
</list>

<media type="image" mime="image/svg" src="figures/ui-elements/hybrid-button-menu.svg"/>

</section>

<section id="general-guidelines">
<title>Allgemeine Richtlinien</title>

<list>
<item><p>In jedem Kontext - egal ob in einer Ansicht oder in einem abgegrenzten Bereich der Benutzeroberfläche - sollte nur ein generisches Knopfmenü enthalten sein.</p></item>
<item><p>Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Menüs von Einzweck-Knöpfen sinnvoll beschriftet sind. Ein Symbol ist kompakter, verwenden Sie es nur dann, wenn es generell für Benutzer verständlich ist. In den <link xref="icons-and-artwork">Richtlinien für die Verwendung von Symbolne</link> finden Sie weitere Informationen hierzu.</p></item>
<item><p>Einzweck-Knöpfe sollten klar und konsistent definiert werden. Die enthaltenen Menüeinträge sollten eine generelle Beziehung zum allgemeinen Zweck des Menüs haben.</p></item>
<item><p>While multiple button menus can be used simultaneously, be careful about introducing too many disclosure points into your user interface. The more of these that you introduce, the harder it will be for users to find the controls they need, and human error will be increased.</p></item>
</list>

</section>

</page>
