Batteries user guide : BatPrintexc

# Module BatPrintexc

    module BatPrintexc: sig .. end

Facilities for printing exceptions.
Author(s): Xavier Leroy (Base module), David Teller

    val pass : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b

`Printexc.pass fn x` applies `fn` to `x` and returns the result. If the evaluation of `fn x` raises any exception, the name of the exception is printed on standard error output, and the exception is raised again. The typical use is to catch and report exceptions that escape a function application. This function is a renamed version of `Printexc.print` from stdlib.

    val catch : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b

`Printexc.catch fn x` is similar to `Printexc.print`, but aborts the program with exit code 2 after printing the uncaught exception. This function is deprecated: the runtime system is now able to print uncaught exceptions as precisely as `Printexc.catch` does. Moreover, calling `Printexc.catch` makes it harder to track the location of the exception using the debugger or the stack backtrace facility. So, do not use `Printexc.catch` in new code.

    val to_string : exn -> string

`Printexc.to_string e` returns a string representation of the exception `e`.

    val print_backtrace : 'a BatInnerIO.output -> unit

`print_backtrace oc` Prints the an exception backtrace on the output channel `oc`. The backtrace lists the program locations where the most-recently raised exception was raised and where it was propagated through function calls.
Since 1.4.0

    val get_backtrace : unit -> string

`Printexc.get_backtrace ()` returns a string containing the same exception backtrace that `Printexc.print_backtrace` would print.

    val record_backtrace : bool -> unit

`Printexc.record_backtrace b` turns recording of exception backtraces on (if `b = true`) or off (if `b = false`). Initially, backtraces are not recorded, unless the `b` flag is given to the program through the `OCAMLRUNPARAM` variable.

    val backtrace_status : unit -> bool

`Printexc.backtrace_status()` returns `true` if exception backtraces are currently recorded, `false` if not.

    val register_printer : (exn -> string option) -> unit

`Printexc.register_printer fn` registers `fn` as an exception printer. The printer should return `None` or raise an exception if it does not know how to convert the passed exception, and `Some s` with `s` the resulting string if it can convert the passed exception. Exceptions raised by the printer are ignored.

When converting an exception into a string, the printers will be invoked in the reverse order of their registrations, until a printer returns a `Some s` value (if no such printer exists, the runtime will use a generic printer).

    val print : 'a BatInnerIO.output -> exn -> unit

Print an exception. The stdlib `print` function is now named `!pass`.

###### Raw backtraces

    type raw_backtrace = Printexc.raw_backtrace

The abstract type `raw_backtrace` stores a backtrace in a low-level format, instead of directly exposing them as string as the `get_backtrace()` function does.

This allows delaying the formatting of backtraces to when they are actually printed, which may be useful if you record more backtraces than you print.

Raw backtraces cannot be marshalled. If you need marshalling, you should use the array returned by the `backtrace_slots` function of the next section.
Since 2.2.0 and OCaml 4.01.0

    val get_raw_backtrace : unit -> raw_backtrace

`Printexc.get_raw_backtrace ()` returns the same exception backtrace that `Printexc.print_backtrace` would print, but in a raw format.
Since 2.2.0 and OCaml 4.01.0

    val print_raw_backtrace : Pervasives.out_channel -> raw_backtrace -> unit

Print a raw backtrace in the same format `Printexc.print_backtrace` uses.
Since 2.2.0 and OCaml 4.01.0

    val raw_backtrace_to_string : raw_backtrace -> string

Return a string from a raw backtrace, in the same format `Printexc.get_backtrace` uses.
Since 2.2.0 and OCaml 4.01.0

###### Current call stack

    val get_callstack : int -> raw_backtrace

`Printexc.get_callstack n` returns a description of the top of the call stack on the current program point (for the current thread), with at most `n` entries. (Note: this function is not related to exceptions at all, despite being part of the `Printexc` module.)
Since 2.2.0 and OCaml 4.01.0

###### Uncaught exceptions

    val set_uncaught_exception_handler : (exn -> raw_backtrace -> unit) -> unit

`Printexc.set_uncaught_exception_handler fn` registers `fn` as the handler for uncaught exceptions. The default handler prints the exception and backtrace on standard error output.

Note that when `fn` is called all the functions registered with `Pervasives.at_exit` have already been called. Because of this you must make sure any output channel `fn` writes on is flushed.

If `fn` raises an exception, it is ignored.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02.0

###### Manipulation of backtrace information

Those function allow to traverse the slots of a raw backtrace, extract information from them in a programmer-friendly format.

    type backtrace_slot = Printexc.backtrace_slot

The abstract type `backtrace_slot` represents a single slot of a backtrace.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02

    val backtrace_slots : raw_backtrace -> backtrace_slot array option

Returns the slots of a raw backtrace, or `None` if none of them contain useful information.

In the return array, the slot at index `0` corresponds to the most recent function call, raise, or primitive `get_backtrace` call in the trace.

Some possible reasons for returning `None` are as follow:

- none of the slots in the trace come from modules compiled with debug information (`-g`)
- the program is a bytecode program that has not been linked with debug information enabled (`ocamlc -g`)

Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02.0

    type location = Printexc.location = {

`` | `filename : `string`;`
`` | `line_number : `int`;`
`` | `start_char : `int`;`
`` | `end_char : `int`;`

}
The type of location information found in backtraces. `start_char` and `end_char` are positions relative to the beginning of the line.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02

    module Slot: sig .. end

###### Raw backtrace slots

    type raw_backtrace_slot = Printexc.raw_backtrace_slot

This type allows direct access to raw backtrace slots, without any conversion in an OCaml-usable data-structure. Being process-specific, they must absolutely not be marshalled, and are unsafe to use for this reason (marshalling them may not fail, but un-marshalling and using the result will result in undefined behavior).

Elements of this type can still be compared and hashed: when two elements are equal, then they represent the same source location (the converse is not necessarily true in presence of inlining, for example).

    val raw_backtrace_length : raw_backtrace -> int

`raw_backtrace_length bckt` returns the number of slots in the backtrace `bckt`.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02

    val get_raw_backtrace_slot : raw_backtrace -> int -> raw_backtrace_slot

`get_slot bckt pos` returns the slot in position `pos` in the backtrace `bckt`.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02

    val convert_raw_backtrace_slot : raw_backtrace_slot -> backtrace_slot

Extracts the user-friendly `backtrace_slot` from a low-level `raw_backtrace_slot`.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02

###### Exception slots

    val exn_slot_id : exn -> int

`Printexc.exn_slot_id` returns an integer which uniquely identifies the constructor used to create the exception value `exn` (in the current runtime).
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02.0

    val exn_slot_name : exn -> string

`Printexc.exn_slot_id exn` returns the internal name of the constructor used to create the exception value `exn`.
Since 2.3.0 and OCaml 4.02.0