/*
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
This source file is part of OGRE
    (Object-oriented Graphics Rendering Engine)
For the latest info, see http://www.ogre3d.org

Copyright (c) 2000-2012 Torus Knot Software Ltd

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#ifndef __Renderable_H__
#define __Renderable_H__

#include "OgrePrerequisites.h"
#include "OgreCommon.h"

#include "OgreRenderOperation.h"
#include "OgreMatrix4.h"
#include "OgreMaterial.h"
#include "OgrePlane.h"
#include "OgreGpuProgram.h"
#include "OgreVector4.h"
#include "OgreException.h"
#include "OgreUserObjectBindings.h"

namespace Ogre {

	/** \addtogroup Core
	*  @{
	*/
	/** \addtogroup Scene
	*  @{
	*/
	/** Abstract class defining the interface all renderable objects must implement.
        @remarks
            This interface abstracts renderable discrete objects which will be queued in the render pipeline,
            grouped by material. Classes implementing this interface must be based on a single material, a single
            world matrix (or a collection of world matrices which are blended by weights), and must be 
            renderable via a single render operation.
        @par
            Note that deciding whether to put these objects in the rendering pipeline is done from the more specific
            classes e.g. entities. Only once it is decided that the specific class is to be rendered is the abstract version
            created (could be more than one per visible object) and pushed onto the rendering queue.
    */
    class _OgreExport Renderable
    {
	public:
		/** An internal class that should be used only by a render system for internal use 
		@remarks
		This class was created so a render system can associate internal data to this class.
		The need for this class started when the DX10 render system needed to save state objects.
		*/
		class RenderSystemData {}; 
    public:
		Renderable() : mPolygonModeOverrideable(true), mUseIdentityProjection(false), mUseIdentityView(false), mRenderSystemData(NULL) {}
        /** Virtual destructor needed as class has virtual methods. */
        virtual ~Renderable() 
		{
			if (mRenderSystemData)
			{
				delete mRenderSystemData;
				mRenderSystemData = NULL;
			}			
		}
        /** Retrieves a weak reference to the material this renderable object uses.
        @remarks
            Note that the Renderable also has the option to override the getTechnique method
            to specify a particular Technique to use instead of the best one available.
        */
        virtual const MaterialPtr& getMaterial(void) const = 0;
        /** Retrieves a pointer to the Material Technique this renderable object uses.
        @remarks
            This is to allow Renderables to use a chosen Technique if they wish, otherwise
            they will use the best Technique available for the Material they are using.
        */
        virtual Technique* getTechnique(void) const { return getMaterial()->getBestTechnique(0, this); }
        /** Gets the render operation required to send this object to the frame buffer.
        */
        virtual void getRenderOperation(RenderOperation& op) = 0;

		/** Called just prior to the Renderable being rendered. 
		@remarks
			OGRE is a queued renderer, so the actual render commands are executed 
			at a later time than the point at which an object is discovered to be
			visible. This allows ordering & grouping of renders without the discovery
			process having to be aware of it. It also means OGRE uses declarative
			render information rather than immediate mode rendering - this is very useful
			in that certain effects and processes can automatically be applied to 
			a wide range of scenes, but the downside is that special cases are
			more difficult to handle, because there is not the declared state to 
			cope with it. 
		@par
			This method allows a Renderable to do something special at the actual
			point of rendering if it wishes to. When this method is called, all the
			material render state as declared by this Renderable has already been set, 
			all that is left to do is to bind the buffers and perform the render. 
			The Renderable may modify render state itself if it wants to (and restore it in the 
			postRender call) before the automated render happens, or by returning
			'false' from this method can actually suppress the automatic render
			and perform one of its own.
		@return
			true if the automatic render should proceed, false to skip it on 
			the assumption that the Renderable has done it manually.
		*/
		virtual bool preRender(SceneManager* sm, RenderSystem* rsys)
                { (void)sm; (void)rsys; return true; }

		/** Called immediately after the Renderable has been rendered. 
		*/
		virtual void postRender(SceneManager* sm, RenderSystem* rsys)
                { (void)sm; (void)rsys; }

        /** Gets the world transform matrix / matrices for this renderable object.
            @remarks
                If the object has any derived transforms, these are expected to be up to date as long as
                all the SceneNode structures have been updated before this is called.
            @par
                This method will populate transform with 1 matrix if it does not use vertex blending. If it
                does use vertex blending it will fill the passed in pointer with an array of matrices,
                the length being the value returned from getNumWorldTransforms.
            @note
                Internal Ogre never supports non-affine matrix for world transform matrix/matrices,
                the behavior is undefined if returns non-affine matrix here. @see Matrix4::isAffine.
        */
        virtual void getWorldTransforms(Matrix4* xform) const = 0;

        /** Returns the number of world transform matrices this renderable requires.
        @remarks
            When a renderable uses vertex blending, it uses multiple world matrices instead of a single
            one. Each vertex sent to the pipeline can reference one or more matrices in this list
            with given weights.
            If a renderable does not use vertex blending this method returns 1, which is the default for 
            simplicity.
        */
        virtual unsigned short getNumWorldTransforms(void) const { return 1; }

        /** Sets whether or not to use an 'identity' projection.
        @remarks
            Usually Renderable objects will use a projection matrix as determined
            by the active camera. However, if they want they can cancel this out
            and use an identity projection, which effectively projects in 2D using
            a {-1, 1} view space. Useful for overlay rendering. Normal renderables
            need not change this. The default is false.
        @see Renderable::getUseIdentityProjection
        */
        void setUseIdentityProjection(bool useIdentityProjection)
        {
            mUseIdentityProjection = useIdentityProjection;
        }

        /** Returns whether or not to use an 'identity' projection.
        @remarks
            Usually Renderable objects will use a projection matrix as determined
            by the active camera. However, if they want they can cancel this out
            and use an identity projection, which effectively projects in 2D using
            a {-1, 1} view space. Useful for overlay rendering. Normal renderables
            need not change this.
        @see Renderable::setUseIdentityProjection
        */
        bool getUseIdentityProjection(void) const { return mUseIdentityProjection; }

        /** Sets whether or not to use an 'identity' view.
        @remarks
            Usually Renderable objects will use a view matrix as determined
            by the active camera. However, if they want they can cancel this out
            and use an identity matrix, which means all geometry is assumed
            to be relative to camera space already. Useful for overlay rendering. 
            Normal renderables need not change this. The default is false.
        @see Renderable::getUseIdentityView
        */
        void setUseIdentityView(bool useIdentityView)
        {
            mUseIdentityView = useIdentityView;
        }

        /** Returns whether or not to use an 'identity' view.
        @remarks
            Usually Renderable objects will use a view matrix as determined
            by the active camera. However, if they want they can cancel this out
            and use an identity matrix, which means all geometry is assumed
            to be relative to camera space already. Useful for overlay rendering. 
            Normal renderables need not change this.
        @see Renderable::setUseIdentityView
        */
        bool getUseIdentityView(void) const { return mUseIdentityView; }

		/** Returns the camera-relative squared depth of this renderable.
		@remarks
			Used to sort transparent objects. Squared depth is used rather than
			actual depth to avoid having to perform a square root on the result.
		*/
		virtual Real getSquaredViewDepth(const Camera* cam) const = 0;

        /** Gets a list of lights, ordered relative to how close they are to this renderable.
        @remarks
            Directional lights, which have no position, will always be first on this list.
        */
        virtual const LightList& getLights(void) const = 0;

        /** Method which reports whether this renderable would normally cast a
            shadow. 
        @remarks
            Subclasses should override this if they could have been used to 
            generate a shadow.
        */
        virtual bool getCastsShadows(void) const { return false; }

        /** Sets a custom parameter for this Renderable, which may be used to 
            drive calculations for this specific Renderable, like GPU program parameters.
        @remarks
            Calling this method simply associates a numeric index with a 4-dimensional
            value for this specific Renderable. This is most useful if the material
            which this Renderable uses a vertex or fragment program, and has an 
            ACT_CUSTOM parameter entry. This parameter entry can refer to the
            index you specify as part of this call, thereby mapping a custom
            parameter for this renderable to a program parameter.
        @param index The index with which to associate the value. Note that this
            does not have to start at 0, and can include gaps. It also has no direct
            correlation with a GPU program parameter index - the mapping between the
            two is performed by the ACT_CUSTOM entry, if that is used.
        @param value The value to associate.
        */
        void setCustomParameter(size_t index, const Vector4& value) 
        {
            mCustomParameters[index] = value;
        }

		/** Removes a custom value which is associated with this Renderable at the given index.
        @param
            @see setCustomParameter for full details.
        */
        void removeCustomParameter(size_t index)
        {
            mCustomParameters.erase(index);
        }

		/** Checks whether a custom value is associated with this Renderable at the given index.
        @param
            @see setCustomParameter for full details.
        */
        bool hasCustomParameter(size_t index) const
        {
            return mCustomParameters.find(index) != mCustomParameters.end();
        }

        /** Gets the custom value associated with this Renderable at the given index.
        @param
            @see setCustomParameter for full details.
        */
        const Vector4& getCustomParameter(size_t index) const
        {
            CustomParameterMap::const_iterator i = mCustomParameters.find(index);
            if (i != mCustomParameters.end())
            {
                return i->second;
            }
            else
            {
                OGRE_EXCEPT(Exception::ERR_ITEM_NOT_FOUND, 
                    "Parameter at the given index was not found.",
                    "Renderable::getCustomParameter");
            }
        }

        /** Update a custom GpuProgramParameters constant which is derived from 
            information only this Renderable knows.
        @remarks
            This method allows a Renderable to map in a custom GPU program parameter
            based on it's own data. This is represented by a GPU auto parameter
            of ACT_CUSTOM, and to allow there to be more than one of these per
            Renderable, the 'data' field on the auto parameter will identify
            which parameter is being updated. The implementation of this method
            must identify the parameter being updated, and call a 'setConstant' 
            method on the passed in GpuProgramParameters object, using the details
            provided in the incoming auto constant setting to identify the index
            at which to set the parameter.
        @par
            You do not need to override this method if you're using the standard
            sets of data associated with the Renderable as provided by setCustomParameter
            and getCustomParameter. By default, the implementation will map from the
            value indexed by the 'constantEntry.data' parameter to a value previously
            set by setCustomParameter. But custom Renderables are free to override
            this if they want, in any case.
        @param constantEntry The auto constant entry referring to the parameter
            being updated
        @param params The parameters object which this method should call to 
            set the updated parameters.
        */
        virtual void _updateCustomGpuParameter(
            const GpuProgramParameters::AutoConstantEntry& constantEntry,
            GpuProgramParameters* params) const
        {
            CustomParameterMap::const_iterator i = mCustomParameters.find(constantEntry.data);
            if (i != mCustomParameters.end())
            {
                params->_writeRawConstant(constantEntry.physicalIndex, i->second, 
					constantEntry.elementCount);
            }
        }

		/** Sets whether this renderable's chosen detail level can be
			overridden (downgraded) by the camera setting. 
		@param override true means that a lower camera detail will override this
			renderables detail level, false means it won't.
		*/
		virtual void setPolygonModeOverrideable(bool override)
		{
			mPolygonModeOverrideable = override;
		}

		/** Gets whether this renderable's chosen detail level can be
			overridden (downgraded) by the camera setting. 
		*/
		virtual bool getPolygonModeOverrideable(void) const
		{
			return mPolygonModeOverrideable;
		}

		/** @deprecated use UserObjectBindings::setUserAny via getUserObjectBindings() instead.
			Sets any kind of user value on this object.
		@remarks
			This method allows you to associate any user value you like with 
			this Renderable. This can be a pointer back to one of your own
			classes for instance.
		*/
		virtual void setUserAny(const Any& anything) { getUserObjectBindings().setUserAny(anything); }

		/** @deprecated use UserObjectBindings::getUserAny via getUserObjectBindings() instead.
			Retrieves the custom user value associated with this object.
		*/
		virtual const Any& getUserAny(void) const { return getUserObjectBindings().getUserAny(); }

		/** Return an instance of user objects binding associated with this class.
		You can use it to associate one or more custom objects with this class instance.
		@see UserObjectBindings::setUserAny.
		*/
		UserObjectBindings&	getUserObjectBindings() { return mUserObjectBindings; }

		/** Return an instance of user objects binding associated with this class.
		You can use it to associate one or more custom objects with this class instance.
		@see UserObjectBindings::setUserAny.		
		*/
		const UserObjectBindings& getUserObjectBindings() const { return mUserObjectBindings; }


		/** Visitor object that can be used to iterate over a collection of Renderable
		instances abstractly.
		@remarks
		Different scene objects use Renderable differently; some will have a 
		single Renderable, others will have many. This visitor interface allows
		classes using Renderable to expose a clean way for external code to
		get access to the contained Renderable instance(s) that it will
		eventually add to the render queue.
		@par
		To actually have this method called, you have to call a method on the
		class containing the Renderable instances. One example is 
		MovableObject::visitRenderables.
		*/
		class Visitor
		{
		public:
            /** Virtual destructor needed as class has virtual methods. */
            virtual ~Visitor() { }
			/** Generic visitor method. 
			@param rend The Renderable instance being visited
			@param lodIndex The LOD index to which this Renderable belongs. Some
				objects support LOD and this will tell you whether the Renderable
				you're looking at is from the top LOD (0) or otherwise
			@param isDebug Whether this is a debug renderable or not.
			@param pAny Optional pointer to some additional data that the class
				calling the visitor may populate if it chooses to.
			*/
			virtual void visit(Renderable* rend, ushort lodIndex, bool isDebug, 
				Any* pAny = 0) = 0;
		};

		/** Gets RenderSystem private data
		@remarks
		This should only be used by a RenderSystem
		*/
		virtual RenderSystemData * getRenderSystemData() const 
		{ 
			return mRenderSystemData; 
		}
		/** Sets RenderSystem private data
		@remarks
		This should only be used by a RenderSystem
		*/
		virtual void setRenderSystemData(RenderSystemData * val) const
		{ 
			mRenderSystemData = val; 
		}


    protected:
        typedef map<size_t, Vector4>::type CustomParameterMap;
        CustomParameterMap mCustomParameters;
		bool mPolygonModeOverrideable;
        bool mUseIdentityProjection;
        bool mUseIdentityView;
		UserObjectBindings mUserObjectBindings;		 /// User objects binding.
		mutable RenderSystemData * mRenderSystemData;/// This should be used only by a render system for internal use
	};

	/** @} */
	/** @} */


}

#endif //__Renderable_H__
