This is gtypist.cs.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from
gtypist.cs.texi.

Toto je manuál pro GNU Typist (verze 2.9.3, 5 June 2013), program určený
k výuce psaní na klávesnici pro několik jazyků a různé klávesové
rozložení.

   Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011,
2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
     and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in
     the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
INFO-DIR-SECTION Education
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* GNU Typist (cs): (gtypist.cs). Dokumentace k výukovému programu psaní
na klávesnici gtypist.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Distribuce,  Prev: (dir),  Up: (dir)

GNU Typist - psaní všemi deseti
*******************************

Toto je manuál pro GNU Typist (verze 2.9.3, 5 June 2013), program určený
k výuce psaní na klávesnici pro několik jazyků a různé klávesové
rozložení.

   Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011,
2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
     and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in
     the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.

   GNU Typist je interaktivní výukový program, který vám pomůže osvojit
si principy správného psaní na klávesnici všemi deseti prsty.  Obsahuje
několik lekcí pro různé typy klávesnic a různé jazyky.  (Mezi nimi
nechybí ani čeština.)  Lekce pro gtypist jsou napsány ve snadno
pochopitelném skriptovacím jazyku, takže je mohou uživatelé modifkovat
či vytvářet nové.  Pokud zadáte parametr cs.typ, spustíte lekce v
češtině zaměřené na českou klávesnici.

* Menu:

* Distribuce::              Kde najít gtypist: zdrojové kódy, balíčky apod.
* Kopírování::              Kopírování a svobodné sdílení gtypist pod GPL
* Úvod::         	    Co byste měli jako uživatelé vědět
* Spouštění::               Jak spustit gtypist
* Dostupné lekce::          Přehled lekcí v distribuci gtypistu
* Používání typefortune::   Procvičování na textu z ‘fortune’ (perl)
* Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka::    Informace o syntaxi lekcí pro gtypist
* Vytvořte nové lekce::     Jak přispět novými lekcemi
* Mód Emacsu::              Mód Emacsu pro editaci skriptů do gtypistu
* Proměnné prostředí::      Proměnné prostředí, které ovlivňují gtypist
* Chyby a opominutí::       Známé problémy
* Historie::                Historie GNU Typistu
* Kopírování tohoto manuálu::	Licence svobodné dokumentace GNU.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Distribuce,  Next: Kopírování,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

Distribuce
**********

GNU Typist (či gtypist) je "svobodný software"; to znamená, že jej může
za určitých podmínek každý svobodně používat a dále redistribuovat.
Přesné podmínky můžete nalézt v GNU General Public Lincense, kterou jste
obdrželi s tímto programem a která následuje tuto sekci.

GNU Typist můžete získat od přítele nebo z Internetu:

Hlavní distribuční web:
     <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gtypist/>

Domovská stránka
     <http://www.gnu.org/software/gtypist/gtypist.cs.html>

On-line manuál (aktualizace mezi vydáním jednotlivých verzí)
     <http://www.gnu.org/software/gtypist/doc/>

Stránka vývojářů (CVS repozitář, úlohy, podpora...)
     <http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gtypist/>

Stažení GNU Typist (zdrojové kódy, binární verze, tutoriály)
     <http://gtypist.free.fr/>

Obrázky
     <http://gtypist.free.fr/screenshots/>


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Kopírování,  Next: Úvod,  Prev: Distribuce,  Up: Top

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
**************************

                        Version 3, 29 June 2007

     Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
     license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble
========

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software
and other kinds of works.

   The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it remains free
software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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   To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

   For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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   Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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   For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users’ and
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   Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
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   Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
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   The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS
====================

  0. Definitions.

     “This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public
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     All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

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       a. The work must carry prominent notices stating that you
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     Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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  12. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.

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  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

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  14. Revised Versions of this License.

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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
===========================

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=============================================

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.

   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
“copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

     ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
     Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR

     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
     your option) any later version.

     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

   Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.

   If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

     PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’.
     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
     under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details.

   The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your
program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
use an “about box”.

   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if
necessary.  For more information on this, and how to apply and follow
the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

   The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.  But first,
please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Úvod,  Next: Spouštění,  Prev: Kopírování,  Up: Top

1 Úvod
******

GNU Typist je interaktivní program pro výuku psaní na klávesnici všemi
deseti prsty.  Obsahuje výukové lekce, cvičení i rychlostní testy.
Program je určen pro používání na terminálech bez grafiky.  Byl
zkompilován na GNU/Linuxu, Unixech (Aix, OpenBSD) a také na DOS/Windows
(DOS 6.22, Windows 98, Windows NT).

   Program načítá lekce vytvořené ve snadno pochopitelném skritpovacím
jazyku.  Je distribuován spolu s několika dobrými a kompletními lekcemi,
které můžete používat, modifikovat, nebo psát nové.  (*note Vytvořte
nové lekce:: *note Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka::).

   Pokud nespecifikujete příslušný soubor lekcí na příkazové řádce, bude
použit ‘gtypist.typ’.  (Podrobnosti o cestě k souborům naleznete v sekci
*note Proměnné prostředí::).

   Na horní řádce obrazovky naleznete banner programu.  Na nejspodnější
řádce se potom nalézají různé zprávy, dotazy a další informace o stavu.
Řádky mezi tím jsou používány pro tutoriály, cvičení a rychlostní testy.

   V programu jsou dva typy cvičení: drilové a rychlostní testy.

   V drilových vám gtypist zobrazí text v každé druhé řádce obrazovky a
počká, až uživatel správně opíše text do zbývajících prázdných řádek.
Chybně zadaná písmena jsou indikována obráceným ‘^’, nebo ‘>’, pokud je
špatně zadaným znakem konec řádky.  Na konci cvičení program spočítá
skutečnou a užitečnou rychlost v jednotkách slov za minutu.  Pokud jste
udělali příliš mnoho chyb, cvičení se spustí znova.

   Není dovoleno zpětně opravovat špatně zadané znaky.

   V rychlostních testech zobrazuje gtypist text na obrazovce a čeká, až
ho uživatel přepíše tím samým.  Chyby se zobrazují a na konci testu se
spočítá opravdová a užitečná rychlost ve WPM (words per minute – slova
za minutu).  Pokud se vyskytlo příliš mnoho chyb, test se spustí znovu.
Opravování chyb je povoleno, ale takto opravené chyby budou stejně
započítány do hodnocení.

   Jestli jste již udělali příliš mnoho chyb, můžete použít <ESC> a test
se spustí znovu.  Kdykoliv dokončíte lekci, butete dotázáni, zda ji
chcete opakovat.

   GNU Typist obsahuje i cvičení zaměřené pouze na procvičování (jak
drilová cvičení, tak rychlostní testy), která možná nebudete muset vůbec
opakovat.  Nechceme ale říkat, zda se to týká zrovna vás, takže se
stejně budete muset snažit, jak nejlépe umíte ;-)

   Ve výsledcích rychlosti znamená jedno slovo pět znaků, takže hrubé
WPM je počet znaků v testovací oblasti dělené pěti a znovu dělené počtem
uplynulých minut.  Co se týče faktoru chyby, který WPM ovlivňuje, každá
chyba je počítaná za špatné slovo.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Spouštění,  Next: Dostupné lekce,  Prev: Úvod,  Up: Top

2 Spouštění
***********

Syntaxe pro spuštění GNU Typist je:

   ‘gtypist [ parametry... ] [ script_file ]’

   Podporované parametry jsou popsány níže (pozor, dlouhé tvary nejsou v
DOSu podporovány).

‘-e, --error-max’
     Udává maximální procento chybovosti při zadávání textu.  Defaultní
     hodnota je 3,0.  Musí být mezi 0,0 a 100,0.  Existuje i příkaz
     skriptovacího jazyka (*note Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka::), který
     to může změnit, pokud je zadané číslo menší.  Pro procvičovací
     lekce je tato hodnota ale ignorována.

‘-n, --notimer’
     Normálně GNU Typist zobrazuje rychlost ve WPM (slova za minutu) jak
     po drilových cvičeních, tak po rychlostních zkouškách.  Lekce jsou
     ale zřejmě napsané pro program, který zobrazoval rychlost pouze při
     rychlostních testech.  Abyste gtypist přinutili k takovémuto
     chování odpovídajícímu lekcím, tedy aby nezobrazoval počet slov za
     minutu u drilových testů, použijte tento parametr.

‘-t, --term-cursor’
     gtypist si vytváří vlastní obdélníčkový kurzor, aby pomohl
     uživateli rozlišit mezi kurzorem a označením chyb v inverzních
     barvách.  Tímto parametrem takové chování potlačíme a donutíme
     program používat standardní kurzor terminálu.

‘-f, --curs-flash’
     Hodnota tohoto parametru nastavuje blikání obdélníkového kurzoru v
     desetinách sekund.  Hodnota 0 znamená, že kurzor nebude blikat.
     Standardní hodnota je 10, maximální 512.  Toto je ignorováno, pokud
     bylo nastaveno -t nebo –term-cursor.

‘-c, --colo[u]rs’
     Normálně používá gtypist pouze normální a převrácené
     monochromatické barvy.  Tímto parametrem můžete nastavit barvu
     popředí a pozadí na terminálech, které podporují barevný výstup.
     Barvy jsou specifikovány jako dvě čísla mezi 0 a 7.  Kódy barev od
     0 do 7 znamenají barvu černou, červenou, zelenou, žlutou, modrou,
     magenta a modrozelenou a bílou.  Defalutní nastavení je 7,0 – bílá
     na černém pozadí.  Toto nastavení je ignorováno pokud terminál
     nepodporuje barvy.

‘-s, --silent’
     Kdykoliv narazí gtypist na chybu, zapípá.  Tímto nastavením můžete
     zvukový signál potlačit.

‘-q, --quiet’
     To samé jako -s, –silent.

‘-w, --wpmode’
     Tímto donutíte gtypist určitým způsobem napodobovat textový
     procesor, kdykoliv spouští nějaké cvičení.  Mezeru na konci řádku
     bude brát jako korektní znak a přejde na další řádku.  Pokud
     stisknete na konci řádky ENTER, přesune vás na následující
     odstavec.  Vícenádobné mezery stlačí na jedinou a bude přeskakovat
     rozdělovací čárky na konci řádek.

‘-l, --start-label’
     Tento parametr udává návěstí ve skriptovém souboru, kde gtyping
     začne (pro informace o návěstí viz níže skriptovací jazyk).  Pokud
     není start_label definováno, začne se od začátku souboru.

‘-k, --no-skip’
     Zakáže uživateli přeskakovat lekce nebo z nich utíkat pomocí <ESC
     ESC>.

Pokud chcete spouštět gtypist ve svém rodném jazyce, musíte také vhodně
nastavit proměnnou prostředí ‘LANG’ *Note Proměnné prostředí::.

   *Příklady:*

Ke spuštění standardního anglického souboru lekcí ‘gtypist.typ’:
‘gtypist’

Ke spuštění českých lekcí:
‘gtypist cs.typ’

Donutíme gtypist, aby hledal lekci bar.typ v nestandardním adresáři
‘/home/foo’:
‘export GTYPIST_PATH="/home/foo"’ ‘gtypist bar.typ’

Abychom mohli spustit lekci ‘test.typ’ v adresáři ‘/tmp’, a začít na
návěstí ‘TEST1’, v tichém módu, za použití standardního kurzoru
terminálu, zadáme toto:
‘gtypist -t -q -l TEST1 /tmp/test.typ’


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Dostupné lekce,  Next: Používání typefortune,  Prev: Spouštění,  Up: Top

3 Dostupné lekce
****************

S GNU Typist jsou dodávány tyto lekce :
‘cs.typ’
     Soubor QWERTY kurzů v češtině (+ numerická klávesnice)
‘q.typ’
     Rychlý QWERTY kurz v angličtině
‘r.typ’
     Dlouhý QWERTY kurz v angličtině
‘t.typ’
     QWERTY výuka v angličtině
‘v.typ’
     Ještě další QWERTY v angličtině
‘w.typ’
     QWERTY opakování v angličtině
‘d.typ’
     Výuka klávesnice Dvorak v angličtině
‘m.typ’
     Drilová cvičení v angličtině
‘s.typ’
     Rychlostní testy v angličtině
‘n.typ’
     Numerická klávesnice v angličtině
‘gtypist.typ’
     Soubor všech předchozích anglických lekcí
‘esp.typ’
     Kurz QWERTY ve španělštině
‘kt*.typ’
     Toto jsou standardní lekce z Ktouch 1.0
     (<http://ktouch.sourceforge.net>), které byly do formátu gtypistu
     zkonvertovány s použitím ‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’.

     Tyto soubory jsou ktde.typ (german.ktouch), kten.typ
     (english.ktouch), ktfr.typ (french.ktouch), ktlecten.typ
     (lecture_en.ktouch), ktno.typ (norwegian.ktouch) and ktnumber.typ
     (number.ktouch).
‘ttde.typ’
     To je německá lekce pro tipptrainer
     (<http://www.pingos.schulnetz.org/tipptrainer>), která byla
     zkonvertována s pomocí ‘tools/tt2typ.pl’.

Pokud v těchto lekcích najdete chyby, pokud nějakou upravíte, nebo pokud
napíšete lekci novou, prosím vydejte ji pod svobodnou licencí a řekněte
nám o tom – můžete nám napsat mail na <bug-gtypist@gnu.org>.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Používání typefortune,  Next: Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka,  Prev: Dostupné lekce,  Up: Top

4 Používání typefortune
***********************

‘typefortune’ vám dovolí cvičit s textem z ‘fortune’.

   ‘SYNTAX: typefortune [-dslh] [-n počet] [-o <parametry_gtp>]’

‘-d’
     Použije ‘D:’ místo ‘S:’.

‘-s’
     Spustí fortune s ‘-s’.

‘-l’
     Spustí fortune s ‘-l’.

‘-n <počet>’
     Cvičení <počet> fortunes.

‘-o <gtypist_options>’
     Předej gtypistu nastavení ve formě ‘option’ (nastavení přepínače,
     např.  ‘-o word-processor’), ‘option,value’ (nastavení hodnoty,
     např.  ‘-o e,1.0’) kde ‘option’ je jméno nastavení (zkrácené či
     dlouhé) s tím, že všechny úvodní pomlčky jsou odstraněny.  Pokud
     uvádíte více než jeden parametr, musíte je uvést v apostrofech:
     ‘typefortune -n 3 -o 'silent e,5 word-processor'’.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka,  Next: Vytvořte nové lekce,  Prev: Používání typefortune,  Up: Top

5 Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka
******************************

GNU Typist načítá data pro jednotlivé lekce ze skriptového souboru.
Každá řádka s výjimkou komentářů a prázdných řádek má následující formát

   ‘znak_příkazu : data_příkazu’

   ‘Znak příkazu’ je jeden znak, který určuje, co bude gtypist dělat, a
‘data_příkazu’ jsou data, se kterými bude operovat.  Pokud je
‘znak_příkazu’ mezera, znamená to, že řádka je pokračováním předchozího
příkazu.  Oddělovač ’:’ musí být vždy v druhém sloupci řádky.

   Řádky komentářů jsou řádky začínající znakem ’#’ a stejně jako
prázdné řádky jsou ignorovány.  Komentáře mohou mít jakýkoliv formát,
jediným požadavkem je, aby začínaly ’#’.  Všechny ostatní řádky musí mít
výše uvedený formát.

   Abyste se seznámili se základy, měli byste si přečíst *Note Úvod::.

   Následující výčet je seznamem platných hodnot ‘znaků_příkazu’:

‘B’
     Tento příkaz smaže celou obrazovku.  Pokud má nějaká
     ‘data_příkazu’, ta jsou zobrazena v horním jednořádkovém banneru a
     zůstanou tam až do zavolání následujícího příkazu ‘B’.  Tento
     příkaz nesmí pokračovat na následující řádce.

‘T’
     T znamená tutoriál.  Příkaz může zpracovávat více řádek a to až do
     zaplnění obrazovky.  Každá řádka příkazu je prostě vytištěna na
     obrazovku.  Příkaz smaže obrazovku pod horním jednořádkovým
     bannerem.  Když je zobrazování hotovo, program čeká na uživatelský
     vstup.  Toho je také využíváno pro tisk položek menu.

‘*’
     Hvědička znamená návěstí v souboru.  Návěstí může být cílem pro
     příkazy ‘G’, ‘Y’, ‘N’ nebo ‘F’.  Návěstí mohou zahrnovat jakékoliv
     znaky včetně mezer a jsou jednořádkovým příkazem.  Mezery na konci
     návěstí jsou ignorovány.

‘I’
     Tento příkaz zobrazí stručné instrukce k drilovému či rychlostnímu
     testu.  Je dovoleno použít pouze dvou řádek.  Narozdíl od příkazu
     ‘T’ se před pokračováním nečeká na stisk klávesy.  Značka by tedy
     měla být vždy následována cvičením.  Maže plochu obrazovky pro
     cvičení, v tomto ohledu se chová jako dvouřádkové ‘T’.

‘M’
     Tento příkaz je nový způsob, jak vytvářet menu (od gtypistu 2.7)
     Zde je jeho syntax:
          M: [UP=(LABEL|_EXIT)] "název"
           :LABEL1 "popis1"
           :LABEL2 "popis2"
           ...

     UP-label označuje návěstí otcovského uzlu, které definuje poslední
     položku menu (pokud je to _EXIT, pak ,,Konec”, jinak bude poslední
     položka v menu ,,Zpět” skákat na zadaný uzel).  Tento argument je
     volitelný.  Pokud není přítomen, použije se defaultní _EXIT.

     Název, stejně jako ostatní popis, musí být v uvozovkách ("").
     Navíc musí mezi UP=XXX a "název" či mezi návěstími a jejich popisem
     být alespoň jedna mezera.

     Příklady hledejte v existujících lekcích.

‘D,d’
     Tento příkaz se nazývá ,,drill” a je jedním ze dvou typů cvičení.

     Je to víceřádkový příkaz.  Text je zobrazován v každé druhé řádce a
     uživatel jej opisuje do prostoru mezi nimi.  To je důvod, proč
     nemůžete použít více jak 11 řádek obsahu.

     Tento typ cvičení by měl být používán pouze pro cvičení prstů
     (např.  jfjfjjf), ale může obsahovat i celá slova a věty, když jsou
     využívány k procvičování (písmeno, slabika) a nejedná se o
     opravdové texty.

     Verze s malým písmenem ‘d’ znamená ,,pouze procvičování”, uživatel
     nebude muset cvičení opakovat ani pokud udělal příliš mnoho chyb.

‘S,s’
     To je druhý typ cvičení: ,,rychlostní test”.

     Jedná se o víceřádkový příkaz.  Zobrazuje svůj obsah na obrazovce a
     čeká, až jej uživatel přepíše tím samým textem.  Proto můžete na
     jeden rychlostní test použít až 22 řádek.  V tomto druhu testu
     můžete své chyby opravovat, počítadlo ve statistice je ale stále
     bude počítat jako chyby.

     Rychlostní testy by měly být používány pro opisování kompletních
     vět, textů a souborů (např.  dopis, texinfo, html či tex soubor).

     Verze s malým písmenem ‘s’ je rychlostní test ,,pouze k
     procvičování”, což znamená, že ani uživatel, který udělá příliš
     mnoho chyb, jej nebude muset opakovat.

‘G’
     Toto přinutí gtypist přeskočit na návěstí v ‘datech_příkazu’ a
     pokračovat ve vyvolávání skriptu odtud.  Jde o jednořádkový příkaz.

‘Q’
     Tento příkaz vypíše svůj text na stavové řádce a před pokračováním
     čeká na klávesu <Y> nebo <N>.  Ostatní znaky jsou ignorovány.

     Jako vedlejší efekt můžete také stisknout F-klávesu, pokud je
     potřeba (nyní by již neměl být tento příkaz používán pro vytváření
     promptu pro menu – použijte raději příkaz M).

‘Y’
     Y Je podobné ‘G’, s výjimkou toho, že příkaz skoku je vyvolán pouze
     pokud odpověď na předchozí otázku ‘Q’ byla <Y>.

‘N’
     N je podobné ‘G’, s výjimkou toho, že příkaz skoku je vyvolán pouze
     pokud odpověď na předchozí otázku ‘Q’ byla <N>.

‘K’
     _Tento příkaz by již neměl být používán, použijte M_ Váže funkční
     klávesu na návěstí.  Formát dat následujících tento příkaz musí být
     ‘Fklávesa:návěstí’, kde ‘Fklávesa’ je číslo funkční klávesy mezi 1
     a 12 a ‘návěstí’ je místo, kam se přesunout po stisku této klávesy.
     Hodnota návěstí NULL klávesu znefunkční.

     Pokud na terminálu nejsou dostupné funkční klávesy, mohou být místo
     jich použity klávesy <1> až <9> pro <F1> až <F9>, <0> pro <F10>,
     <A> pro <F11> a <S> pro <F12>.

     Jinou alternativou pro <F1> až <F12> jsou kombinace: <Ctrl-Q>,
     <Ctrl-W>, <Ctrl-E>, <Ctrl-R>, <Ctrl-T>, <Ctrl-Z>, <Ctrl-U>,
     <Ctrl-I>, <Ctrl-O>, <Ctrl-P>, <Ctrl-A> a <Ctrl-S>.

     To je také užitečné, pokud jsou funkční klávesy odchytávány jinými
     programy (například window managery).

‘E’
     Tento příkaz je používán pro nastavení nejvyššího procenta chyb
     dovoleného pro úspěšné absolvování následující lekce (E:<value>%)
     či pro všechny lekce až do dalšího výskytu E (E:<value>%*).

     Pokud je nastaveno ‘--error-max/-e’, tak bute tento příkaz platit
     pouze tehdy, pokud je _přísnější_ než hodnota specifikovaná na
     příkazové řádce.

     ‘data_příkazu’ se skládají z hodnoty (mezi 0.0 a 100.0) následované
     znakem ’%’ (toto je požadováno, aby byly skripty lépe čitelné).
     Existuje speciální hodnota ‘default’ nebo ‘Default’, která
     nastavuje maximální procento chyb zpět na defaultní hodnotu.

‘F’
     Tento příkaz může být použit k nastavení návěstí (v
     ‘data_příkazu’), kam bude uživatel muset jít, pokud úspěšně
     neprojde cvičením.

     Tento příkaz se většinou vztahuje pouze k následujícímu cvičení,
     ale pokud na konec ‘dat_příkazu’ vložíte ’*’, můžete jej tak učinit
     trvale platným.

     Pokud je návěstí NULL, pak příkaz návěstí resetuje.

‘X’
     Tento příkaz přinutí gtypist vyskočit.  Je to jednořádkový příkaz.
     Jakékoliv ‘data_příkazu’ jsou ignorována.  Jiný způsob, jakým může
     dojít k opuštění programu, je když gtypist dojde na konec souboru
     (takže tam můžete také umístit návěstí a odkazovat na něj příkazem
     ‘G’)

   Prohlédněte si malý příklad skriptu, který demonstruje dostupné
příkazy (soubor lekce ‘tinydemo.typ’):

     # Malý příklad
     B: Demonstrace tutoriálu
     *:LOOP
     K:1:QDONE
     T:Zde je malý příklad skriptu pro lekci.
      :Lepší příklad můžete nalézt v souboru
      :demo.typ, který je dodáván s GNU Typist.
     I:Tady je drilové cvičení:
     D:asdf ghjkl;
     I:A tady je zas rychlostní test:
     S:qwe rt yu iop
     *:QDONE
     Q:Stačilo to již? [Y/N]
     N:LOOP
     X:


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Vytvořte nové lekce,  Next: Mód Emacsu,  Prev: Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka,  Up: Top

6 Vytvořte nové lekce
*********************

This section provides guidelines and hints for creating new lessons (or
improving existing ones).

* Menu:

* Ktouch lessons::              Generate lessons from a set of drills
* Exercises from fortune::      Create drills/speedtests with text from fortune
* Design patterns for lessons:: Hints/Design patterns for lessons


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Ktouch lessons,  Prev: Exercises from fortune,  Up: Vytvořte nové lekce

6.1 Ktouch lessons
==================

A very easy way to write lessons is to write them in the format that
‘ktouch’ uses, and then convert it to a gtypist lesson using
‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’.  This will take care of writing “jump-tables”, a
menu and a bit more.

   The ktouch-format consists only of lessons, which are preceded by
their names, and separated by blank lines and/or comments (# at the
beginning of the line).  So the first non-blank, non-comment line in the
file is the name of the first lesson, and the first lesson consists of
all the lines up to the next comment or blank line.  After the separator
(comment or blank line) the name of the second lesson follows and so on.

   This is an example of a three-lesson ktouch file (excerpts from the
first three lessons of german.ktouch):
     #
     # Deutsche Training-Datei für KTouch
     #

     Grundstellung
     f f f f f f fff fff fff f f f f f f fff fff fff f f f f f f f fff
     j j j j j j jjj jjj jjj j j j j j j jjj jjj jjj j j j j j j j jjj
     fff jjj fff jjj jjj fff jjj fff fjf fjf fjf jfj jfj jfj fjf jfjfj

     Grundstellung
     fff jjj ddd kkk aaa ööö fff jjj ddd kkk aaa ööö fff jjj ddd kkkff
     fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jköfd
     s s s s s s sss sss sss s s s s s s sss sss sss s s s s s s s sss

     #Zwei wichtige Vokale: e und i
     e und i
     asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdfö
     das dass lös fad dass lös als dass las lös fad dass als dass dass
     ded ded ded dej dek del deö ded deö del dek dej ded dej dek delde

   Once you are done, use ‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’ to convert the file:
‘ktouch2typ.pl lesson.ktouch’ converts ‘lesson.ktouch’ to ‘lesson.typ’.
It is important that the input file ends in “.ktouch”, otherwise
‘ktouch2typ.pl’ will skip it.  Warning: this will overwrite ‘lesson.typ’
without asking you !

   You can customize the number of lines that ‘ktouch2typ.pl’ uses for
each drill by modifying the relevant variable in ‘tools/ktouch2typ.pl’.

   Obviously, the disadvantage of this is that you cannot make use of
all of gtypist’s features (but the output file is very readable, so you
can edit it to use more of gtypist’s features).


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Exercises from fortune,  Next: Ktouch lessons,  Prev: Design patterns for lessons,  Up: Vytvořte nové lekce

6.2 Exercises from fortune
==========================

Using ‘gtypist-mode.el’ you can quickly create lessons with text from
the program ‘fortune’ (or the emacs-internal ‘yow’ if ‘fortune’ isn’t
available, as is usually the case on Windows).

   Once you installed ‘gtypist-mode.el’ (*note Mód Emacsu::), you can
open a file with it “.typ” extension and run ‘C-c C-f’ to create a drill
(‘D:’ by default, use ‘C-u’ or ‘C-u C-u’ prefix to change).


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Design patterns for lessons,  Next: Exercises from fortune,  Up: Vytvořte nové lekce

6.3 Design patterns for lessons
===============================

6.3.1 Structure of lesson files
-------------------------------

   • use mixture of drills and speed tests (this is more fun for the
     user)
   • use some “practice-only” exercises (d:/s:) (possibly mixed with
     “real” exercises) followed by a “final test”.  ‘esp.typ’ uses this
     scheme.

6.3.2 Patterns for exercises
----------------------------

   • when introducing a new key, start out by mixing other (known) keys
     of the same finger in with the new key in the first drill(s).  Here
     is an example (from ‘t.typ’, line 237):
          I:Use your J-finger for the H key.
          *:_T_R_L23
          D:jjj jhj jjj jhj jjj jhj
   • use ’word, word.’ repeatedly to practice ,/.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Mód Emacsu,  Next: Proměnné prostředí,  Prev: Vytvořte nové lekce,  Up: Top

7 Mód Emacsu
************

gtypist now comes with an Emacs major-mode which does
syntax-highlighting, indentation and has some convenient commands for
counting labels, a goto-label-command, inserting properly centered
banners, special comments and a bit more.

   Copy this file from ‘tools/gtypist-mode.el’ to wherever you put your
local elisp files (e.g.  ‘~/elisp’) and put this in your ‘~/.emacs’
(adapt path!):

     (autoload 'gtypist-mode "~/elisp/gtypist-mode")

   or put it in ‘load-path’ (‘make install’ in the sources should take
care of this for GNU Emacs, or if you are using the Debian package, it
installs it here for you) and use this instead:

     (autoload 'gtypist-mode "gtypist-mode")

   *and* add this to your ‘~/.emacs’:

     (setq auto-mode-alist
           (cons '("\\.typ\\'" . gtypist-mode) auto-mode-alist))

All this is also mentioned in the README-section of
‘tools/gtypist-mode.el’.

Here are the commands along with the keybindings:

‘C-c C-i, M-x gtypist-mode-info’
     This shows gtypist’s texinfo-documentation, starting at node
     “Script file commands” (*note Příkazy skriptovacího jazyka::).
     With prefix, start at the top-node.

‘C-c M-g, M-x gtypist-mode-goto-label’
     Query for a label to go to (with completion).

‘C-c C-l, M-x gtypist-mode-next-label’
     This command inserts the next label in a numbered sequence of
     labels.  For example, if you insert
          *:SERIES1_L1
     and hit ‘C-c C-l’ then gtypist-mode will insert
          *:SERIES1_L2

‘C-c C-b, M-x gtypist-mode-insert-banner’
     This command inserts a centered ‘B:’ command.  It’s centered on 66
     columns because “gtypist <version>” is in the right corner (prompts
     for content).

‘C-c C-r, M-x gtypist-mode-insert-hrule’
     Inserts a horizontal rule (comment) consisting of dashes.

‘C-c C-n, M-x gtypist-mode-new-lesson’
     Insert the comments (header) and a label to start a new lesson
     (prompts for name).

‘C-c C-f, M-x gtypist-mode-fortune-to-drill’
     Insert a drill (‘D:’) with text from ‘fortune’ (or ‘yow’ if
     ‘fortune’ isn’t available).  Use ‘C-u’ prefix to get ‘S:’, and ‘C-u
     C-u’ to get ‘d:’.

Run ‘C-h m’ for a complete list of commands and their keybindings.

   If you find bugs or if you think there’s something else this mode
could do, please write to <bug-gtypist@gnu.org>.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Proměnné prostředí,  Next: Chyby a opominutí,  Prev: Mód Emacsu,  Up: Top

7.1 Proměnné prostředí
======================

GNU Typist používá tyto proměnné prostředí:

‘LANG’

     GNU Typist nabízí Native Language Support (NLS) s podporou knihovny
     gettext.  To znamená, že pokud to váš systém podoruje, můžete si
     vybrat jazyk, ve kterém chcete zobrazovat hlášky gtypistu.
     Momentálně jsou k dispozici angličtina, španělština, němčina,
     finština a čeština.  K použití konkrétní NLS je třeba nastavit
     proměnnou prostředí LANG na odpovídající LL_CC kombinaci, kde LL je
     dvouznakový kód jazyka podle ISO 639 a CC je dvoupísmenný znak země
     podle ISO 3166 (např.  es_ES pro Španělsko nebo de_DE pro Německo).
     Na některých systémech budete muset asi nastavit na tu samou
     hodnotu i proměnnou LANGUAGE.

     Pokud chcete přeložit zprávy do nějakého jiného jazyka, nebo pokud
     chcete něco opravit, ozvěte se prosím na <bug-gtypist@gnu.org>.

‘GTYPIST_PATH’
     Seznam adresářů, kde bude program hledovat skriptovací soubory.
     Dodržuje standardní způsob specifikace adresářů, to znamená seznam
     adresářů oddělených znaky ’:’.  GNU Typist se při spuštění nejprve
     pokusí skript spustit z aktuálního adresáře a poté bude hledat v
     adresářích specifikovaných proměnnou ‘GTYPIST_PATH’.  Nakonec se
     podívá do adresáře vytvořeného při instalaci.  (Např.
     ‘/usr/local/share/gtypist’ nebo ‘/usr/share/gtypist’).

‘TERM’
     Tuto proměnnou používá knihovna curses k určení obrazovky.

‘TERMINFO’
     Tento parametr budete muset změnit, pokud jsou adresáře s
     ‘terminfo’ rozdílné na systému, kde byl gtypist kompilován a na
     systému, kde má fungovat.  Například na starších distribucích
     Slackware je terminfo umístěno v ‘/usr/lib/terminfo’.  Na RedHat
     Linuxu je v ‘/usr/share/terminfo’.  Pokud si program stěžuje na typ
     terminálu a má správně nastavenou hodnotu ‘TERM’, zkuste toto.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Chyby a opominutí,  Next: Historie,  Prev: Proměnné prostředí,  Up: Top

7.2 Chyby a opominutí
=====================

GNU Typist se nijak nesnaží minimalizovat výstup na terminál.  Speciálně
blikající kurzor může působit hodně pohybu.  Pokud by to byl problém,
použijte kurzor terminálu.

   V rychlostních testech není možné používat backspace a delete za
začátkem nové řádky nebo po klávese TAB. To je kvůli zjednodušení
aktualizace obrazovky.

   Barevné módy zřejmě nepracují dobře s UnixWare.  Někdy nejsou správně
zobrazeny převrácené barvy.  To se týká některých typů terminálů a
xterminálů.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Historie,  Next: Kopírování tohoto manuálu,  Prev: Chyby a opominutí,  Up: Top

Appendix A Historie GNU Typist
******************************

   • Původní program byl napsán pro VAX/VMS BASIC někým z Harris Corp
     (Ft.  Lauderdale, FL).
   • D. Jason Penney <penneyj@slc.com> jej přepsal pro Microsoft BASICA
   • D. Jason Penney <penneyj@slc.com> jej přepsal pro C s knihovnou
     curses
   • Simon Baldwin <simonb@sco.com> přepsal verzi D. Jason Penneyho,
     jeho vylepšení jsou popsána v souboru NEWS (mezi verzí 2.2 a 2.2b).
     On je také držitelem copyrightu na GNU Typist (gtypist je
     distribuovaný pod podmínkami GNU GPL). Simon také napsal verzi
     Typistu v Javě, kterou původně nazýval JTypist, ale nyní se jmenuje
     Typist: <http://www.geocities.com/simon_baldwin/typist/>
   • Since 1997, Ben Armstrong <synrg@sanctuary.nslug.ns.ca> pomohl
     opravováním chyb a udržování balíčku pro Debian (podívejte se na
     <http://packages.debian.org/gtypist>).
   • V roce 2000 se Vladimir Támara <vtamara@users.sourceforge.net> a
     Igor Támara <ikks@users.sourceforge.net> stali maintainery verze v
     C. Před listopadem 2000 byl GNU Typist spravován jako součást
     projektu Structio.
   • Listopad 2000, program byl přijat do GNU! Byl přejmenován na GNU
     Typist (také gtypist).
   • V květnu 2001 se stal novým maintainerem Michael Opdenacker
     <michaelo@gnu.org>, který se také naučil psát na klávesnici s
     gtypistem.  Vývoj projektu nyní probíhá na
     <http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gtypist/>.
   • V červnu 2001 se k projektu připojil Felix Natter <fnatter@gmx.net>
     a výrazně mu přispěl portováním lekcí z jiných tutoriálů,
     vylepšením pomocných utilit, nových možností tutoriálů a módem pro
     Emacs.


File: gtypist.cs.info,  Node: Kopírování tohoto manuálu,  Prev: Historie,  Up: Top

Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************

                      Version 1.2, November 2002

     Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

  0. PREAMBLE

     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
     functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
     noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
     author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

     This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
     works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
     license designed for free software.

     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
     free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
     free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
     that the software does.  But this License is not limited to
     software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
     of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.  We
     recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
     instruction or reference.

  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

     This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
     that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
     be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
     grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
     to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
     “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
     of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”.  You accept
     the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
     requiring permission under copyright law.

     A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the
     Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
     modifications and/or translated into another language.

     A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section
     of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
     publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
     subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
     fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document
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     explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
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     The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
     titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
     notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
     If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
     is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may
     contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify
     any Invariant Sections then there are none.

     The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
     listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
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     Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
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     A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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     Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
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     The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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     material this License requires to appear in the title page.  For
     works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title
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     A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
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     following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
     stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
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     To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the
     Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according
     to this definition.

     The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
     which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
     Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
     this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
     implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
     has no effect on the meaning of this License.

  2. VERBATIM COPYING

     You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
     commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
     copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
     applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
     add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You
     may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
     or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However,
     you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you
     distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
     conditions in section 3.

     You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
     and you may publicly display copies.

  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

     If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
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     and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The
     front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
     equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on the
     covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
     long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
     conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

     If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
     legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
     reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
     adjacent pages.

     If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
     numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
     Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
     each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
     network-using public has access to download using public-standard
     network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
     of added material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
     reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
     copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
     remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
     year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
     through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

     It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
     the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
     to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
     Document.

  4. MODIFICATIONS

     You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
     under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
     release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
     Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
     distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
     possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in
     the Modified Version:

       A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
          distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
          versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
          History section of the Document).  You may use the same title
          as a previous version if the original publisher of that
          version gives permission.

       B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
          entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
          the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
          principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
          authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
          from this requirement.

       C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
          Modified Version, as the publisher.

       D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

       E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
          adjacent to the other copyright notices.

       F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
          notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
          Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
          the Addendum below.

       G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
          Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s
          license notice.

       H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

       I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title,
          and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
          authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
          Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
          Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
          publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
          an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
          previous sentence.

       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
          for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
          likewise the network locations given in the Document for
          previous versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the
          “History” section.  You may omit a network location for a work
          that was published at least four years before the Document
          itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
          to gives permission.

       K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”,
          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
          all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

       L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
          in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
          equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

       M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”.  Such a section
          may not be included in the Modified Version.

       N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
          “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
          Section.

       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

     If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
     appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
     material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
     some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
     titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s
     license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any other
     section titles.

     You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains
     nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
     parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
     been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
     a standard.

     You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
     and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
     the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage
     of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
     through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document
     already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
     by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
     behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
     one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
     the old one.

     The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
     License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
     assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

     You may combine the Document with other documents released under
     this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
     modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
     of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
     unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
     combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
     their Warranty Disclaimers.

     The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
     multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
     copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
     but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
     by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
     original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
     unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
     the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
     combined work.

     In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
     “History” in the various original documents, forming one section
     Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled
     “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”.  You
     must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”

  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

     You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
     documents released under this License, and replace the individual
     copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
     that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
     rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
     in all other respects.

     You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
     distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
     a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
     License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
     document.

  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

     A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
     separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
     storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the
     copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
     legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual
     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
     License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
     are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

     If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
     of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed
     on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
     electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
     form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
     the whole aggregate.

  8. TRANSLATION

     Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
     distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
     4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
     permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
     translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
     original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
     translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
     Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
     include the original English version of this License and the
     original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
     disagreement between the translation and the original version of
     this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
     prevail.

     If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
     “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to
     Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
     actual title.

  9. TERMINATION

     You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
     except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other
     attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
     void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
     License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
     from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
     so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

     The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
     the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
     versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
     differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
     <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.

     Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
     number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
     version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you
     have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
     that specified version or of any later version that has been
     published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
     Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
     choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
     Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
       Free Documentation License''.

   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this:

         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
         being LIST.

   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.



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