LilyPond Learning Manual: 2.4.3 Absolute note names

### 2.4.3 Absolute note names

So far we have always used `\relative` to define pitches. This is the easiest way to enter most music, but another way of defining pitches exists: absolute mode.

If you omit the `\relative`, LilyPond treats all pitches as absolute values. A `c'` will always mean middle C, a `b` will always mean the note one step below middle C, and a `g,` will always mean the note on the bottom staff of the bass clef.

>     {
>       \clef "bass"
>       c'4 b g, g, |
>       g,4 f, f c' |
>     }

Here is a four-octave scale:

>     {
>       \clef "bass"
>       c,4 d, e, f, |
>       g,4 a, b, c |
>       d4 e f g |
>       a4 b c' d' |
>       \clef "treble"
>       e'4 f' g' a' |
>       b'4 c'' d'' e'' |
>       f''4 g'' a'' b'' |
>       c'''1 |
>     }

As you can see, writing a melody in the treble clef involves a lot of quote `'` marks. Consider this fragment from Mozart:

>     {
>       \key a \major
>       \time 6/8
>       cis''8. d''16 cis''8 e''4 e''8 |
>       b'8. cis''16 b'8 d''4 d''8 |
>     }

All these quotes makes the input less readable and they are a source of errors. With `\relative`, the previous example is much easier to read and type:

>     \relative c'' {
>       \key a \major
>       \time 6/8
>       cis8. d16 cis8 e4 e8 |
>       b8. cis16 b8 d4 d8 |
>     }

If you make a mistake with an octave mark (`'` or `,`) while working in `\relative` mode, it is very obvious – many notes will be in the wrong octave. When working in absolute mode, a single mistake will not be as visible, and will not be as easy to find.

However, absolute mode is useful for music which has large intervals, and is extremely useful for computer-generated LilyPond files.

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