Manual de aprendizaje de GNU LilyPond: A.6 Plantillas para notación antigua

## A.6 Plantillas para notación antigua

### A.6.1 Transcripción de música mensural

Al transcribir música mensural, es útil un «incipit» al compienzo de la pieza para indicar la tonalidad y el tempo originales. Aunque los músicos actuales están acostumbrados a las barras de compás para reconocer con más facilidad los patrones rítmicos, durante el período de la música mensural aún no se habíen inventado las líneas divisorias; de hecho, la medida solía cambiar a cada pocas notas. Como compromiso, a menudo las líneas divisorias se imprimen entre los pentagramas en vez de hacerlo encima de ellos.

>     global = {
>       \set Score.skipBars = ##t

>       % incipit
>       \once \override Score.SystemStartBracket #'transparent = ##t
>       \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment = #1.0 % tight spacing
>       \key f \major
>       \time 2/2
>       \once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
>       \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
>       \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
>       \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##f
>       \cadenzaOn % turn off bar lines
>       \skip 1*10
>       \once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
>       \bar "||"
>       \skip 1*1 % need this extra \skip such that clef change comes
>                 % after bar line
>       \bar ""

>       % main
>       \revert Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment % CHECK: no effect?
>       \cadenzaOff % turn bar lines on again
>       \once \override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
>       \set Staff.forceClef = ##t
>       \key g \major
>       \time 4/4
>       \override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'default
>       \override Voice.Rest #'style = #'default

>       % FIXME: setting printKeyCancellation back to #t must not
>       % occur in the first bar after the incipit.  Dto. for forceClef.
>       % Therefore, we need an extra \skip.
>       \skip 1*1
>       \set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##t
>       \set Staff.forceClef = ##f

>       \skip 1*7 % the actual music

>       % let finis bar go through all staves
>       \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f

>       % finis bar
>       \bar "|."
>     }

>     discantusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c'' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Discantus  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "neomensural-c1"
>         c'1. s2   % two bars
>         \skip 1*8 % eight bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "treble"
>         d'2. d'4 |
>         b e' d'2 |
>         c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
>         a4) b a2 |
>         b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
>         b\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi -- |
>       la -- te De -- |
>       o, om --
>       nis ter -- |
>       ra, __ om- |
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     altusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c'' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Altus  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "neomensural-c3"
>         r1        % one bar
>         f1. s2    % two bars
>         \skip 1*7 % seven bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "treble"
>         r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
>         a2 g4 e |
>         fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
>         g1 |
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
>         g\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
>       De -- o, om -- |
>       nis ter -- ra, |
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     tenorNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "neomensural-c4"
>         r\longa   % four bars
>         r\breve   % two bars
>         r1        % one bar
>         c'1. s2   % two bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "treble_8"
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
>         d'\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     bassusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c' {
>         \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bassus  "

>         % incipit
>         \clef "bass"
>         r\maxima  % eight bars
>         f1. s2    % two bars
>         \skip 1*1 % one bar

>         % main
>         \clef "bass"
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         g2. e4 |
>         \once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
>         g\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       % incipit
>       IV-

>       % main
>       Ju -- bi- |
>       "..." |
>       -us. |
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
>         \new Voice =
>           "discantusNotes" << \global \discantusNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
>         \new Voice =
>           "altusNotes" << \global \altusNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
>         \new Voice =
>           "tenorNotes" << \global \tenorNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
>         \new Voice =
>           "bassusNotes" << \global \bassusNotes >>
>         \new Lyrics =
>           "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           \Score

>           % no bars in staves
>           \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t

>           % incipit should not start with a start delimiter
>           \remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Voice

>           % no slurs
>           \override Slur #'transparent = ##t

>           % Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
>           % breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
>           % into the next bar.  The command is commented out in this
>           % short example score, but especially for large scores, you
>           % will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
>           % overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
>           %\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.6.2 Plantilla para transcripción de canto gregoriano

Este ejemplo muestra cómo hacer una transcripción moderna de canto gregoriano. El canto gregoriano no tiene compás ni plicas; utiliza solamente cabezas de nota de blanca y de negra, y unas marcas especiales que indican silencios de distintas longitudes.

>     \include "gregorian.ly"

>     chant = \relative c' {
>       \set Score.timing = ##f
>       f4 a2 \divisioMinima
>       g4 b a2 f2 \divisioMaior
>       g4( f) f( g) a2 \finalis
>     }

>     verba = \lyricmode {
>       Lo -- rem ip -- sum do -- lor sit a -- met
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new Staff <<
>         \new Voice = "melody" \chant
>         \new Lyrics = "one" \lyricsto melody \verba
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           \Staff
>           \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
>           \remove "Bar_engraver"
>           \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Voice
>           \override Stem #'length = #0
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Score
>           barAlways = ##t
>         }
>       }
>     }

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