Manual de aprendizaje de GNU LilyPond: A.4 Vocal ensembles

## A.4 Vocal ensembles

### A.4.1 SATB vocal score

He aquí una partitura vocal estándar para cuatro voces SATB. Con grupos mayores, suele ser útil incluir una sección que aparezca en todas las partes. Por ejemplo, el compás y la armadura casi siempre son los mismos para todas. Como en la plantilla "Himno", las cuatro voces se reagrupan en sólo dos pentagramas.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
>         \new Staff = women <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "altos" {
>             \voiceTwo
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
>         \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
>         \new Staff = men <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "basses" {
>             \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
>         \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
>         \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
>         \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
>         \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           % a little smaller so lyrics
>           % can be closer to the staff
>           \Staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.4.2 SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction

Esta plantilla añade una reducción de piano automática a la partitura vocal SATB estándar que se mostró en la "Plantilla de conjunto vocal". Esto presenta uno de los puntos fuertes de LilyPond: podemos usar una definición de música más de una vez. Si se hace cualquier cambio en las notas de la parte vocal (digamos `tenorMusic`), entonces los cambios se aplicarán también a la reducción de piano.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords =\lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new ChoirStaff <<
>           \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
>           \new Staff = women <<
>             \new Voice = sopranos { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = altos { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = altos { s1 }
>           \new Lyrics = tenors { s1 }
>           \new Staff = men <<
>             \clef bass
>             \new Voice = tenors { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = basses { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
>           \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
>           \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
>           \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
>           \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>         >>
>         \new PianoStaff <<
>           \new Staff <<
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           >>
>           \new Staff <<
>             \clef bass
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>             << \global \bassMusic >>
>           >>
>         >>
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           % a little smaller so lyrics
>           % can be closer to the staff
>           \Staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.4.3 SATB with aligned contexts

Esta plantilla es, básicamente, la misma que la sencilla plantilla "Conjunto vocal", excepto que aquí todas las líneas de letra se colocan utilizando `alignAboveContext` y `alignBelowContext`.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Staff = women <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = women } \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = women } \lyricsto altos \altoWords
>         % we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
>         % the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords

>         \new Staff = men <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = men } \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = men } \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>         % again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           % a little smaller so lyrics
>           % can be closer to the staff
>           \Staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
>         }
>       }
>     }

Other languages: English, deutsch.

#### Manual de aprendizaje