This is a2ps.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from a2ps.texi.

INFO-DIR-SECTION Printing Tools
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* a2ps: (a2ps).                    PostScript Generating Utility
* PreScript: (a2ps) PreScript.     Input language for a2ps
* card: (a2ps) card.               Print Reference Cards
* fixps: (a2ps) fixps.             Fixing Some Ill Designed PostScript Files
* fixnt: (a2ps) fixnt.             Fixing Microsoft NT PostScript Files
* pdiff: (a2ps) pdiff.             Produce Pretty Comparison of Files
* psmandup: (a2ps) psmandup.       Printing Duplex on Simplex Printers
* psset: (a2ps) psset.             Inserting calls to setpagedevice
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This document describes GNU a2ps 4.13, a converter from various
formats, included text, to PostScript converter, with pretty-printing
abilities.

   Copyright (C) 1988-1993 Miguel Santana Copyright (C) 1995-2000 Akim
Demaille, Miguel Santana

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the section entitled "Copying" is included exactly as in the
original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
one.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
translation approved by the author.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Documentation Format,  Next: Map Files,  Prev: Library Files,  Up: Library Files

Documentation Format
====================

   In various places a documentation can be given.  Since some parts of
this document and of web pages are extracted from documentations, some
tags are needed to provide a better layout.  The format is a mixture
made out of Texinfo like commands, but built so that quick and easy
processing can be made.

   These tags are:
`code('TEXT`)code'
     Typeset TEXT like a piece of code.  This should be used for keys,
     variables, options etc.  For instance the documentation of the
     `bold' prologue mentions the `bw' prologue:
          Documentation
          This style is meant to replace the old option
          code(-b)code of a2ps 4.3.  It is a copy of the
          black and white prologue, but in which all the
          fonts are in Bold.
          EndDocumentation

`href('LINK`)href('TEXT`)href'
     Specifies a hyper text LINK displayed as TEXT.

`@example'
`@end example'
     They must be alone on the line.  The text between these tags is
     displayed in a code-like fonts.  This should be used for including
     a piece of code.  For instance, in the documentation of the `gnuc'
     style sheet:
          documentation is
           "Declaration of functions are highlighted"
           "emph(only)emph if you start the function name"
           "in the first column, and it is followed by an"
           "opening parenthesis.  In other words, if you"
           "write"
           "@example"
           "int main (void)"
           "@end example"
           "it won't work.  Write:"
           "@example"
           "int"
           "main (void)"
           "@end example"
          end documentation

`@itemize'
`@item' TEXT
`@end itemize'
     Typeset a list of items. The opening and closing tags must be
     alone on the line.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Map Files,  Next: Font Files,  Prev: Documentation Format,  Up: Library Files

Map Files
=========

   Many things are defined through files.  There is a general scheme to
associate an object to the files to use: map files.  They are typically
used to:
   - resolve aliases.  For instance the ISO-8859-1 encoding is also
     called ISO Latin 1, or Latin 1 for short.  The `encoding.map' file
     will map these three names to the same Encoding Description File.

   - cope with broken files systems.  For instance,
     the-one-you-know-I-don't-need-to-name cannot handle files named
     `Courier-BoldOblique.afm': it is the same as `Courier-Bold.afm'.
     The `fonts.map' file is here to associate a font file name to a
     font name.

   The syntax of these files is:
   - any empty line, or any line starting by a `#' is a comment.

   - a line with the format
          `***'              PATH

     requests that the file designated by PATH be included at this
     point.

   - any other line has the format

          KEY               VALUE

     meaning that when looking for KEY (e.g., name of a font, an
     encoding etc.), a2ps should use VALUE (e.g., font file name,
     encoding description file name etc.).

   The map files used in a2ps are:
`encoding.map'
     Resolving encodings aliases.

`fonts.map'
     Mapping font names to font file names.

`sheets.map'
     Rules to decide what style sheet to use.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Font Files,  Next: Style Sheet Files,  Prev: Map Files,  Up: Library Files

Font Files
==========

   Even when a PostScript printer knows the fonts you want to use, using
these fonts requires some description files.

* Menu:

* Fonts Map File::              Mapping a font name to a file name
* Fonts Description Files::     Needed files to use a Font
* Adding More Font Support::    Using even more Fonts


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Fonts Map File,  Next: Fonts Description Files,  Prev: Font Files,  Up: Font Files

Fonts Map File
--------------

   *Note Map Files::, for a description of the map files.  This file
associates the FONT-KEY to a FONT name. For instance:
     Courier                 pcrr
     Courier-Bold            pcrb
     Courier-BoldOblique     pcrbo
     Courier-Oblique         pcrro

associates to font named `Courier', the key `pcrr'.  To be recognized,
the font name must be exact: `courier' and `COURIER' are not admitted.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Fonts Description Files,  Next: Adding More Font Support,  Prev: Fonts Map File,  Up: Font Files

Fonts Description Files
-----------------------

   There are two kinds of data a2ps needs to use a font:
   - the AFM file (`FONT-KEY.afm'), which describes the metrics
     information corresponding to FONT;

   - in the case FONT is not known from the printer, the PFA or PFB
     file which is down loaded to the printer.  These files are
     actually the PostScript programs which execution produces the
     characters to be drawn on the page, in this FONT.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Adding More Font Support,  Prev: Fonts Description Files,  Up: Font Files

Adding More Font Support
------------------------

   a2ps can use as many fonts as you want, provided that you teach it
the name of the files in which are stored the fonts (*note Fonts Map
File::).  To this end, a very primitive but still useful shell script is
provided: `make_fonts_map.sh'.

   First, you need to find the directories which store the fonts you
want to use, and extend the library path so that a2ps sees those
directories.  For instance, add:
     AppendLibraryPath: /usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts

   Then run `make_fonts_map.sh'.  It should be located in the `afm/'
directory of the system's a2ps hierarchy.  Typically
`/usr/local/share/a2ps/afm/make_fonts_map.sh'.

   This script asks a2ps for the library path, wanders in this path
collecting `AFM' files, and digging information in them.

   Once the script has finished, a file `fonts.map.new' was created.
Check its integrity, and if it's correct, either replace the old
`fonts.map' with it, or rename `fonts.map.new' as `fonts.map' and place
it higher in the the library path (for instance in your `~/.a2ps/'
directory).


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Style Sheet Files,  Prev: Font Files,  Up: Library Files

Style Sheet Files
=================

   The style sheets are defined in various files.  See *note Pretty
Printing:: for the structure of these files.  As for most other
features, there is main file, a road map, which defines in which
condition a style sheet should be used (*note Map Files::).  This file
is `sheets.map'.

   Its format is simple:
     STYLE-KEY: PATTERNS

or
     include(FILE)

   The PATTERNS need not be on separate lines.  There are two kinds of
patterns:
/PATTERN/FLAGS
     if the current file name matches PATTERN, then select style
     STYLE-KEY (i.e. file `STYLE-KEY.ssh').

<PATTERN>FLAGS
     if the result of a call to `file(1)' matches PATTERN, then select
     style STYLE-KEY.

   Currently FLAGS can only be `i', standing for an insentive match.
Please note that the matching is not truly case insensitive: rather, a
lower case version of the string is compared to the PATTERN as is,
i.e., the PATTERN should itself be lower case.

   The special STYLE-KEY `binary' tells a2ps to consider that the file
should not be printed, and will be ignored, unless option
`--print-anyway' is given.

   If a style name can't be found, the plain style is used.

   The map file is read bottom up, so that the "last" match is honored.

   Two things are to retain from this:
  1. if the file is presented through `stdin', then a2ps will run
     `file(1)'.  However, unless you specify a fake file name with
     `--stdin', pattern matching upon the name is turn off.  In general
     you can expect correct delegations, but almost never pretty
     printing.

  2. if `file' is wrong on some files, a2ps may use bad style sheets.
     In this case, do try option `--guess', compare it with the output
     of `file', and if the culprit is `file', go and complain to your
     system administrator :-), or fix it by defining your own filename
     pattern matching rules.

   Consider the case of Texinfo files as an example (the language in
which this documentation is written).  Files are usually named
`foo.texi', `bar.txi', or even `baz.texinfo'.  `file(1)' is able to
recognize Texinfo files:

     doc % file a2ps.texi
     a2ps.texi: Texinfo source text

Therefore the sheets.map would look like:

     # Texinfo files
     texinfo:  /*.txi/  /*.texi/  /*.texinfo/
               <Texinfo source*>


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Encodings,  Next: Pretty Printing,  Prev: Library Files,  Up: Top

Encodings
*********

   a2ps is trying to support the various usual encodings that its users
use.  This chapter presents what an encoding is, how the encodings
support is handled within a2ps, and some encodings it supports.

* Menu:

* What is an Encoding::         The concept of encoding explained
* Encoding Files::              How a2ps handles the encodings


File: a2ps.info,  Node: What is an Encoding,  Next: Encoding Files,  Prev: Encodings,  Up: Encodings

What is an Encoding
===================

   This section is actually taken from the web pages of Alis
Technologies inc. (http://www.alis.com/)

   Document encoding is the most important but also the most sensitive
and explosive topic in Internet internationalization. It is an essential
factor since most of the information distributed over the Internet is in
text format. But the history of the Internet is such that the
predominant - and in some cases the only possible - encoding is the very
limited ASCII, which can represent only a handful of languages, only
three of which are used to any great extent: English, Indonesian and
Swahili.

   All the other languages, spoken by more than 90% of the world's
population, must fall back on other character sets. And there is a
plethora of them, created over the years to satisfy writing constraints
and constantly changing technological limitations.  The ISO
international character set registry contains only a small fraction;
IBM's character registry is over three centimeters thick; Microsoft and
Apple each have a bunch of their own, as do other software manufacturers
and editors.

   The problem is not that there are too few but rather too many
choices, at least whenever Internet standards allow them. And the
surplus is a real problem; if every Arabic user made his own choice
among the three dozen or so codes available for this language, there is
little likelihood that his "neighbor" would do the same and that they
would thus be able to understand each other. This example is rather
extreme, but it does illustrate the importance of standards in the area
of internationalization. For a group of users sharing the same language
to be able to communicate,

  1. the code used in the shared document must always be identified
     (labeling)

  2. they must agree on a small number of codes - only one, if possible
     (standards);

  3. their software must recognize and process all codes (versatility)

   Certain character sets stand out either because of their status as an
official national or international standard, or simply because of their
widespread use.

   First off, there is the ISO 8859 standards series that standardize a
dozen character sets that are useful for a large number of languages
using the Latin, Cyrillic, Arabic, Greek and Hebrew alphabets. These
standards have a limited range of application (8 bits per character, a
maximum of 190 characters, no combining) but where they suffice (as they
do for 10 of the 20 most widely used languages), they should be used on
the Internet in preference to other codes. For all other languages,
national standards should preferably be chosen or, if none are
available, a well-known and widely-used code should be the second
choice.

   Even when we limit ourselves to the most widely used standards, the
overabundance remains considerable, and this significantly complicates
life for truly international software developers and users of several
languages, especially when such languages can only be represented by a
single code. It was to resolve this problem that both Unicode and the
ISO 10646 International standard were created. Two standards? Oh no!
Their designers soon realized the problem and were able to cooperate to
the extent of making the character set "repertoires" and coding
identical.

   ISO 10646 (and Unicode) contain over 30,000 characters capable of
representing most of the living languages within a single code. All of
these characters, except for the _Han_ (Chinese characters also used in
Japanese and Korean), have a name.  And there is still room to encode
the missing languages as soon as enough of the necessary research is
done.  Unicode can be used to represent several languages, using
different alphabets, within the same electronic document.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Encoding Files,  Prev: What is an Encoding,  Up: Encodings

Encoding Files
==============

* Menu:

* Encoding Map File::           Mapping an encoding name to a file name
* Encoding Description Files::  Specifying an encoding
* Some Encodings::              Classical or standard encodings

   The support of the encodings in a2ps is completely taken out of the
code.  That is to say, adding, removing or changing anything in its
support for an encoding does not require programming, nor even being a
programmer.

   *Note What is an Encoding::, if you want to know more about this.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Encoding Map File,  Next: Encoding Description Files,  Prev: Encoding Files,  Up: Encoding Files

Encoding Map File
-----------------

   *Note Map Files::, for a description of the map files.

   The meaningful lines of the `encoding.map' file have the form:
     ALIAS      KEY
     iso-8859-1 latin1
     latin1     latin1
     l1         latin1

where
ALIAS
     specifies any name under which the encoding may be used.  It
     influences the option `--encoding', but also the encodings
     dynamically required, as for instance in the `mail' style sheet
     (support for MIME).

     When ENCODING is asked, the lower case version of ENCODING must be
     equal to ALIAS.

KEY
     specifies the prefix of the file describing the encoding
     (`KEY.edf', *Note Encoding Description Files::).


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Encoding Description Files,  Next: Some Encodings,  Prev: Encoding Map File,  Up: Encoding Files

Encoding Description Files
--------------------------

   The encoding description file describing the encoding KEY is named
`KEY.edf'.  It is subject to the same rules as any other a2ps file:
   - please make the name portable: alpha-numerical, at most 8
     characters,

   - empty lines and lines starting by `#' are ignored.


   The entries are
`Name:'
     Specifies the full name of the encoding.  Please, try to use the
     official name if there is one.
          Name: ISO-8859-1

`Documentation/EndDocumentation'
     Introduces the documentation on the encoding (*note Documentation
     Format::).  Typical informations expected are the other important
     names this encoding has, and the languages it covers.
          Documentation
          Also known as ISO Latin 1, or Latin 1.  It is a superset
          of ASCII, and covers most West-European languages.
          EndDocumentation

`Substitute:'
     Introduces a font substitution.  The most common fonts (e.g.,
     `Courier', `Times-Roman'...) do not support many encodings (for
     instance it does not support Latin 2).  To avoid that Latin 2 users
     have to replace everywhere calls to `Courier', a2ps allows to
     specify that whenever a font is called in an encoding, then
     another font should be used.

     For instance in `iso2.edf' one can read:
          # Fonts from Ogonkify offer full support of ISO Latin 2
          Substitute: Courier              Courier-Ogonki
          Substitute: Courier-Bold         Courier-Bold-Ogonki
          Substitute: Courier-BoldOblique  Courier-BoldOblique-Ogonki
          Substitute: Courier-Oblique      Courier-Oblique-Ogonki

`Default:'
     Introduces the name of the font that should be used when a font
     (not substituted as per the previous item) is called but provides
     to poor a support of the encoding.  The `Courier' equivalent is
     the best choice.
          Default: Courier-Ogonki

`Vector:'
     Introduces the PostScript encoding vector, that is a list of the
     256 PostScript names of the characters.  Note that only the
     printable characters are named in PostScript (e.g., `bell' in ASCII
     (`^G') should not be named).  The special name `.notdef' is to be
     used when the character is not printable.

     *Warning.*  Make sure to use real, official, PostScript names.
     Using names such as `c123' may be the sign you use unusual names.
     On the other hand PostScript names such as `afii8879' are common.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Some Encodings,  Prev: Encoding Description Files,  Up: Encoding Files

Some Encodings
--------------

   Most of the following information is a courtesy of Alis Technologies
inc. (http://www.alis.com/) and of Roman Czyborra
<zcyborra@cs.tu-berlin.de>'s page about The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup
(http://czyborra.com/charsets/).  *Note What is an Encoding::, is an
instructive presentation of the encodings.

   The known encodings are:

 - Encoding: ASCII (`ascii.edf')
     US-ASCII.

 - Encoding: HPRoman (`hp.edf')
     The 8 bits Roman encoding for HP.

 - Encoding: IBM-CP437 (`ibm-cp437.edf')
     This encoding is meant to be used for PC files with drawing lines.

 - Encoding: IBM-CP850 (`ibm-cp850.edf')
     Several characters may be missing, especially Greek letters and
     some mathematical symbols.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-1 (`iso1.edf')
     The ISO-8859-1 character set, often simply referred to as Latin 1,
     covers most West European languages, such as French, Spanish,
     Catalan, Basque, Portuguese, Italian, Albanian, Rhaeto-Romanic,
     Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Faroese,
     Icelandic, Irish, Scottish, and English, incidentally also
     Afrikaans and Swahili, thus in effect also the entire American
     continent, Australia and the southern two-thirds of Africa. The
     lack of the ligatures Dutch IJ, French OE and ,,German" quotation
     marks is considered tolerable.

     The lack of the new C=-resembling Euro currency symbol U+20AC has
     opened the discussion of a new Latin0.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-2 (`iso2.edf')
     The Latin 2 character set supports the Slavic languages of Central
     Europe which use the Latin alphabet. The ISO-8859-2 set is used for
     the following languages: Czech, Croat, German, Hungarian, Polish,
     Romanian, Slovak and Slovenian.

     Support is provided thanks to Ogonkify.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-3 (`iso3.edf')
     This character set is used for Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and
     Turkish.

     Support is provided thanks to Ogonkify.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-4 (`iso4.edf')
     Some letters were added to the ISO-8859-4 to support languages
     such as Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian. It is an incomplete
     precursor of the Latin 6 set.

     Support is provided thanks to Ogonkify.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-5 (`iso5.edf')
     The ISO-8859-5 set is used for various forms of the Cyrillic
     alphabet. It supports Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Serbian
     and Ukrainian.

     The Cyrillic alphabet was created by St. Cyril in the 9th century
     from the upper case letters of the Greek alphabet. The more ancient
     Glagolithic (from the ancient Slav glagol, which means "word"), was
     created for certain dialects from the lower case Greek letters.
     These characters are still used by Dalmatian Catholics in their
     liturgical books. The kings of France were sworn in at Reims using
     a Gospel in Glagolithic characters attributed to St. Jerome.

     Note that Russians seem to prefer the KOI8-R character set to the
     ISO set for computer purposes. KOI8-R is composed using the lower
     half (the first 128 characters) of the corresponding American ASCII
     character set.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-7 (`iso7.edf')
     ISO-8859-7 was formerly known as ELOT-928 or ECMA-118:1986.  It is
     meant for modern Greek.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-9 (`iso9.edf')
     The ISO 8859-9 set, or Latin 5, replaces the rarely used Icelandic
     letters from Latin 1 with Turkish letters.

     Support is provided thanks to Ogonkify.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-10 (`iso10.edf')
     Latin 6 (or ISO-8859-10) adds the last letters from Greenlandic and
     Lapp which were missing in Latin 4, and thereby covers all
     Scandinavia.

     Support is provided thanks to Ogonkify.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-13 (`iso13.edf')
     Latin7 (ISO-8859-13) is going to cover the Baltic Rim and
     re-establish the Latvian (lv) support lost in Latin6 and may
     introduce the local quotation marks.

     Support is provided thanks to Ogonkify.

 - Encoding: ISO-8859-15 (`iso15.edf')
     The new Latin9 nicknamed Latin0 aims to update Latin1 by replacing
     some less needed symbols (some fractions and accents) with
     forgotten French and Finnish letters and placing the U+20AC Euro
     sign in the cell of the former international currency sign.

     Very few fonts yet offer the possibility to print the Euro sign.

 - Encoding: KOI8 (`koi8.edf')
     KOI-8 (+Λλ) is a subset of ISO-IR-111 that can be used in Serbia,
     Belarus etc.

 - Encoding: MS-CP1250 (`ms-cp1250.edf')
     Microsoft's CP-1250 encoding (aka CeP).

 - Encoding: Macintosh (`mac.edf')
     For the Macintosh encoding.  The support is not sufficient, and a
     lot of characters may be missing at the end of the job (especially
     Greek letters).


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Pretty Printing,  Next: PostScript,  Prev: Encodings,  Up: Top

Pretty Printing
***************

   The main feature of a2ps is its pretty-printing capabilities.  Two
different levels of pretty printing can be reached:
   - basic (normal highlight level) in which what you print is what you
     wrote.

   - string (heavy highlight level), in which in general, some keywords
     are replaced by a Symbol character which best represents them.  For
     instance, in most languages `<=' and `>=' will be replaced by the
     corresponding single character from the font Symbol.

   Note that the difference is up to the author of the style sheet.

* Menu:

* Syntactic limits::            What can't be done
* Known Style Sheets::          Some supported languages
* Type Setting Style Sheets::   a2ps as a tiny word processor
* Faces::                       Encoding the look of pieces of text
* Style sheets semantics::      What is to be defined
* Style Sheets Implementation::  How they should be defined
* A tutorial on style sheets::  Step by step example


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Syntactic limits,  Next: Known Style Sheets,  Prev: Pretty Printing,  Up: Pretty Printing

Syntactic limits
================

   a2ps is _not_ a powerful syntactic pretty-printer: it just handles
lexical structures, i.e., if in your favorite language
     IF IF == THEN THEN THEN := ELSE ELSE ELSE := IF

is legal, then a2ps is not the tool you need.  Indeed a2ps just looks
for some keywords, or some "sequences".


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Known Style Sheets,  Next: Type Setting Style Sheets,  Prev: Syntactic limits,  Up: Pretty Printing

Known Style Sheets
==================

 - Style Sheet: 68000 (`68000.ssh')
     Althought designed at the origin for the 68k's assembler, this
     style sheet seems to handle rather well other dialects.

 - Style Sheet: a2ps configuration file (`a2psrc.ssh')
     Meant to print files such as `a2ps.cfg', or `.a2ps/a2psrc', etc.

 - Style Sheet: a2ps style sheet (`ssh.ssh')
     Second level of highligthing (option `-g')) substitutes the LaTeX
     symbols.

 - Style Sheet: Ada (`ada.ssh')
     This style sheets cover Ada 95.  If you feel the need for Ada 83,
     you'll have to design another style sheet.

 - Style Sheet: ASN.1 (`asn1.ssh')
     Written by Philippe Coucaud.  ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One)
     is used to define the protocol data units (PDUs) of all
     application layer protocols to date.

 - Style Sheet: Autoconf (`autoconf.ssh')
     Suitable for both `configure.in' and library `m4' files.

 - Style Sheet: AWK (`awk.ssh')
     Written by Edward Arthur.  This style is devoted to the AWK
     pattern scanning and processing language.  It is supposed to
     support classic awk, nawk and gawk.

 - Style Sheet: B (`b.ssh')
     Written by Philippe Coucaud.  B is a formal specification method
     mostly used to describe critical systems.  It is based on the
     mathematical sets theory.

 - Style Sheet: BC (`bc.ssh')
     bc is an arbitrary precision calculator language.

 - Style Sheet: Bourne Shell (`sh.ssh')
     Some classical program names, or builtin, are highlighted in the
     second level of pretty-printing.

 - Style Sheet: C (`c.ssh')
     This style does not highlight the function definitions.  Another
     style which highlights them, GNUish C, is provided (gnuc.ssh).  It
     works only if you respect some syntactic conventions.

 - Style Sheet: C Shell (`csh.ssh')
     Written by Jim Diamond.  Some classical program names, and/or
     builtins, are highlighted in the second level of pretty-printing.

 - Style Sheet: C++ (`cxx.ssh')
     Should handle all known variations of C++.  Most declarations
     (classes etc.) are not highlighted as they should be.  Please,
     step forward!

 - Style Sheet: CAML (`caml.ssh')
     This style is obsolete: use OCaml instead.

 - Style Sheet: ChangeLog (`chlog.ssh')
     This style covers the usual ChangeLog files.

 - Style Sheet: Claire (`claire.ssh')
     Claire is a high-level functional and object-oriented language with
     advanced rule processing capabilities. It is intended to allow the
     programmer to express complex algorithms with fewer lines and in an
     elegant and readable manner.

     To provide a high degree of expressivity, Claire uses:
        -  A very rich type system including type intervals and
          second-order  types (with dual static/dynamic typing),

        -  Parametric classes and methods,

        -  An object-oriented logic with set extensions,

        -  Dynamic versioning that supports easy exploration of search
          spaces.
     To achieve its goal of readability, Claire uses
        -  set-based programming with an intuitive syntax,

        -  simple-minded object-oriented programming,

        -  truly polymorphic and parametric functional programming,

        -  a powerful-yet-readable extension of DATALOG to express
          logical conditions,

        -  an entity-relation approach with explicit relations,
          inverses,  unknown values and relational

        -  operations.
     More information on claire can be found on claire home page
     (http://www.ens.fr/~laburthe/claire.html).

 - Style Sheet: Common Lisp (`clisp.ssh')
     Written by Juliusz Chroboczek.  It is not very clear what should
     be considered as a `keyword' in Common Lisp.  I like binders,
     control structures and declarations to be highlighted, but not
     assignments.

     Names of defstructs are not highlighted because this would not work
     with defstruct options.

 - Style Sheet: Coq Vernacular (`coqv.ssh')
     This style is devoted to the Coq v 5.10 vernacular language.

 - Style Sheet: CORBA IDL (`cidl.ssh')
     Written by Bob Phillips.  A first attempt at a style sheet for OMG
     CORBA IDL.  I believe I captured all the keywords for CORBA 2.2
     IDL.  I also stole code from gnuc.ssh to print the method names in
     bold face.  I'm not sure I quite like my own choices for
     Keyword_strong and Keyword, so I'm looking for feedback.  Note
     that, as with gnuc.ssh, for a method name to be noted as such, the
     left parenthesis associated with the argument list for the method
     must appear on the same line as the method name.

 - Style Sheet: CPP (`cpp.ssh')
     C traditional preprocessor handling, mostly meant to be inherited.

 - Style Sheet: dc_shell (`dc_shell.ssh')
     Written by Philippe Le Van.  Synopsys Design Compiler is a
     synthesis tool used by electronic companies for the design of
     their chips.  This sheet is very incomplete, we have a lot of
     keywords to add, eventually options to highlight...  The
     Label_strong style is used for commands which change the design.

 - Style Sheet: Eiffel (`eiffel.ssh')
     Eiffel is an object oriented language that also includes a
     comprehensive approach to software construction: a method.

     The language itself is not just a programming language but also
     covers analysis, design and implementation.

     Heavy highlight uses symbols to represent common math operators.

 - Style Sheet: Emacs Lisp (`elisp.ssh')
     Written by Didier Verna.  This style sheet includes support for
     some extensions dumped with XEmacs.

 - Style Sheet: Encapsulated PostScript (`eps.ssh')
     Illegal PostScript operators are highlighted as Errors.

 - Style Sheet: Extended Tcl (`tclx.ssh')
     Written by Phil Hollenback.  Extensions to plain Tcl.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran (`fortran.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  There are several Fortran
     dialects, depending whether, on the one hand, you use Fortran 77
     or Fortran 90/95, and, on the other hand, Fixed form comments, or
     Free form comments.

     The style sheets `for77kwds' and `for90kwds' implements keywords
     only, while the style sheets `for-fixed' and `for-free' implements
     comments only.

     This style sheet tries to support any of the various flavors
     (Fortran 77/90/95, fixed or free form).  For more specific uses,
     you should use either:
        - for77-fixed, for Fortran 77 fixed form,

        - for77-free, for Fortran 77 free form,

        - for90-fixed, for Fortran 90/95 fixed form,

        - for90-free, for Fortran 90/95 free form.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran 77 Fixed (`for77-fixed.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  Dedicated to Fortran 77
     in fixed form, i.e., comments are lines starting with c, C, or *,
     and only those lines are comments.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran 77 Free (`for77-free.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  Dedicated to Fortran 77
     in free form, i.e., comments are introduced by !  anywhere on the
     line, and nothing else is a comment.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran 77 Keywords (`for77kwds.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  This sheet implements
     only Fortran 77 keywords, and avoids implementing comments
     support. This is to allow for implementation of either fixed or
     free source form.

     See the documentation of the style sheet `fortran' for more
     details.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran 90 Fixed (`for90-fixed.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  Dedicated to Fortran
     90/95 in fixed form, i.e., comments are lines starting with c, C,
     or *, and only those lines are comments.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran 90 Free (`for90-free.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  Dedicated to Fortran
     90/95 in free form, i.e., comments are introduced by !  anywhere
     on the line, and nothing else is a comment.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran 90 Keywords (`for90kwds.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  This sheet implements the
     superset which Fortran 90 and Fortran 95 provide over Fortran 77.

     See the documentation of the style sheet `fortran' for more
     details.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran Fixed (`for-fixed.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  Implements comments of
     Fortran in fixed form, i.e., comments are lines starting with c,
     C, or *, and only those lines are comments.  No other highlighting
     is done.

     See the documentation of the style sheet `fortran' for more
     details.

 - Style Sheet: Fortran Free (`for-free.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou,  Alexander Mai.  Dedicated to Fortran in
     free form, i.e., comments are introduced by !  anywhere on the
     line, and nothing else is a comment.

 - Style Sheet: GNUish C (`gnuc.ssh')
     Declaration of functions are highlighted _only_ if you start the
     function name in the first column, and it is followed by an
     opening parenthesis.  In other words, if you write
          int main (void)
     it won't work.  Write:
          int
          main (void)

 - Style Sheet: GNUMakefile (`gmake.ssh')
     Written by Alexander Mai.  Special tokens of GNUmakefiles and non
     terminal declarations are highlighted.

 - Style Sheet: Haskell (`haskell.ssh')
     Written by Ilya Beylin.  Haskell: non-strict functional
     programming language   http::/www.haskell.org/

 - Style Sheet: HTML (`html.ssh')
     Written by  Wesley J. Chun.  This style is meant to pretty print
     HTML source files, not to simulate its interpretation (i.e.,
     `<bold>foo</bold>' does not print `foo' in bold).  If you really
     meant to print the result of the HTML file _interpreted_, then you
     should turn the delegations on, and make sure `a2ps' has HTML
     delegations.

 - Style Sheet: IDL (`idl.ssh')
     Written by Robert S. Mallozzi,  Manfred Schwarb.  Style sheet for
     IDL 5.2 (Interactive Data Language).  Obsolete routines are not
     supported.  http://www.rsinc.com.

 - Style Sheet: InstallShield 5 (`is5rul.ssh')
     Written by Alex.  InstallShield5 _TM_ RUL script.

 - Style Sheet: Java (`java.ssh')
     Written by Steve Alexander.  Documentation comments are mapped to
     strong comments, and any other comment is plain comment.

 - Style Sheet: JavaScript (`js.ssh')
     Written by Scott Pakin.  Keywords used are everything listed in
     the Client-Side JavaScript Reference 1.3, plus "undefined" (why
     isn't that listed?) and "prototype".  I omitted the semi-standard
     a2ps optional operators for equality, because JavaScript's use of
     both strict- and non-strict equality might ambiguate the output.
     Finally, regular expressions are formatted like strings.

 - Style Sheet: LACE (`lace.ssh')
     This is meant for the Eiffel equivalent of the Makefiles.

 - Style Sheet: Lex (`lex.ssh')
     In addition to the C constructs, it highlights the declaration of
     states, and some special `%' commands.

 - Style Sheet: Lout (`lout.ssh')
     Written by Jean-Baptiste Nivoit.  This is the style for Lout files.

 - Style Sheet: Mail Folder (`mail.ssh')
     To use from elm and others, it is better to specify `-g -Email',
     since the file sent to printer is no longer truly a mail folder.
     This style also suits to news.  `--strip' options are also useful
     (they strip "useless" headers).

     Whenever the changes of encoding are clear, a2ps sets itself the
     encoding for the parts concerned.

     Tag 1 is the subject, and Tag 2 the author of the mail/news.

     Note: This style sheet is _very_ difficult to write.  Please don't
     report behavior you don't like.  Just send me improvements, or
     write a Bison parser for mails.

 - Style Sheet: Makefile (`make.ssh')
     Special tokens, and non terminal declarations are highlighted.

 - Style Sheet: Management Information Base (`mib.ssh')
     Written by Kelly Wiles.  The MIB file is of ASN.1 syntax.

 - Style Sheet: Maple (`maple.ssh')
     Written by Richard J Mathar.  Some classical program names, and/or
     builtins, are highlighted in the second level of pretty-printing.

 - Style Sheet: MATLAB 4 (`matlab4.ssh')
     Written by Marco De la Cruz.  Note that comments in the code
     should have a space after the %.

 - Style Sheet: Modula 2 (`modula2.ssh')
     Written by Peter Bartke.

 - Style Sheet: Modula 3 (`modula3.ssh')
     Modula-3 is a member of the Pascal family of languages. Designed in
     the late 1980s at Digital Equipment Corporation and Olivetti,
     Modula-3 corrects many of the deficiencies of Pascal and Modula-2
     for practical software engineering. In particular, Modula-3 keeps
     the simplicity of type safety of the earlier languages, while
     providing new facilities for exception handling, concurrency,
     object-oriented programming, and automatic garbage collection.
     Modula-3 is both a practical implementation language for large
     software projects and an excellent teaching language.

     This sheet was designed based on Modula 3 home page
     (http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/modula-3/html/home.html).

 - Style Sheet: o2c (`o2c.ssh')

 - Style Sheet: Oberon (`oberon.ssh')
     Created by N. Wirth, Oberon is the successor of the Pascal and
     Modula-2 family of programming languages. It was specifically
     designed for systems programming, and was used to create the
     Oberon system in cooperation with J. Gutknecht. A few years later,
     the Oberon language was extended with additional object-oriented
     features to result in the programming language Oberon-2.

     Implementation of the sheet based on The Oberon Reference Site
     (http://www.math.tau.ac.il/~laden/Oberon.html).

 - Style Sheet: Objective C (`objc.ssh')
     Written by Paul Shum.

 - Style Sheet: OCaml (`ocaml.ssh')
     Written by Markus Mott.  This style should also suit other
     versions of ML (caml light, SML etc.).

 - Style Sheet: OCaml Yacc (`mly.ssh')
     Written by Jean-Baptiste Nivoit.  Should handle CAML Special Light
     parser files.

 - Style Sheet: Octave (`octave.ssh')
     Written by C.P. Earls.

 - Style Sheet: Oracle parameter file (`initora.ssh')
     Written by Pierre Mareschal.  For init.ora parameter files.

 - Style Sheet: Oracle PL/SQL (`plsql.ssh')
     Written by Pierre Mareschal.  This style is to be checked.

 - Style Sheet: Oracle SQL (`sql.ssh')
     Written by Pierre Mareschal.  a2ps-sql Pretty Printer Version
     1.0.0 beta - 18-MAR-97 For comments, support for - /*..*/ and //.
     This style is to be checked.

 - Style Sheet: Oracle SQL-PL/SQL-SQL*Plus (`oracle.ssh')
     Written by Pierre Mareschal.  18-MAR-97 For comments, support for
     - /*..*/ and //.  This style is to be checked.

 - Style Sheet: Pascal (`pascal.ssh')
     The standard Pascal is covered by this style.  But some extension
     have been added too, hence modern Pascal programs should be
     correctly handled.  Heavy highlighting maps mathematical symbols
     to their typographic equivalents.

 - Style Sheet: Perl (`perl.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou.  As most interpreted languages, Perl is
     very free on its syntax, what leads to significant problems for a
     pretty printer.  Please, be kind with our try.  Any improvement is
     most welcome.

 - Style Sheet: PostScript (`ps.ssh')
     Only some keywords are highlighted, because otherwise listings are
     quickly becoming a big bold spot.

 - Style Sheet: PostScript Printer Description (`ppd.ssh')
     Support for Adobe's PPD files.

 - Style Sheet: Pov-Ray (`pov.ssh')
     Written by Jean-Baptiste Nivoit.  Should handle Persistence Of
     Vision input files.

 - Style Sheet: PreScript (`pre.ssh')
     This style defines commands in the canonic syntax of a2ps.  It is
     meant to be used either as an input language, and to highlight the
     table of contents etc.

     It can be a good choice of destination language for people who
     want to produce text to print (e.g. pretty-printing, automated
     documentation etc.) but who definitely do not want to learn
     PostScript, nor to require the use of LaTeX.

 - Style Sheet: PreTeX (`pretex.ssh')
     This style sheets provides LaTeX-like commands to format text.  It
     is an alternative to the PreScript style sheet, in which formating
     commands are specified in a more a2ps related syntax.

     It provides by the use of LaTeX like commands, a way to describe
     the pages that this program should produce.

 - Style Sheet: Prolog (`prolog.ssh')
     Help is needed on this sheet.

 - Style Sheet: Promela (`promela.ssh')
     There is no way for this program to highlight send and receive
     primitives.

 - Style Sheet: Python (`python.ssh')
     Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has
     efficient high-level data structures and a simple but effective
     approach to object-oriented programming. Python's elegant syntax
     and dynamic typing, together with its interpreted nature, make it
     an ideal language for scripting and rapid application development
     in many areas on most platforms.

     The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are
     freely available in source or binary form for all major platforms
     from the Python web site (http://www.python.org), and can be
     freely distributed.

     The same site also contains distributions of and pointers to many
     free third party Python modules, programs and tools, and additional
     documentation.

     The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and
     data types implemented in C or C++ (or other languages callable
     from C). Python is also suitable as an extension language for
     customizable applications.

 - Style Sheet: Reference Card (`card.ssh')
     This style sheet is meant to process help messages generated by
     Unix applications.  It highlights the options (-short or -long),
     and their arguments.  Normal use of this style sheet is through
     the shell script card (part of the a2ps package), but a typical
     hand-driven use is:
          program --help | a2ps -Ecard

 - Style Sheet: REXX (`rexx.ssh')
     Written by Alexander Mai.  This style sheet supports REXX.  You
     can get information about REXX from the REXX Language Association
     (http://www.rexxla.org).

 - Style Sheet: Sather (`sather.ssh')
     Sather is an object oriented language designed to be simple,
     efficient, safe, flexible and non-proprietary. One way of placing
     it in the `space of languages' is to say that it aims to be as
     efficient as C, C++, or Fortran, as elegant as and safer than
     Eiffel, and support higher-order functions and iteration
     abstraction as well as Common Lisp, CLU or Scheme.

     Implementation of the sheet based on the Sather home page
     (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~sather/index.html).

     Heavy highlighting uses symbols for common mathematical operators.

 - Style Sheet: Scheme (`scheme.ssh')
     This style sheet is looking for a maintainer and/or comments.

 - Style Sheet: SDL-88 (`sdl88.ssh')
     Written by Jean-Philippe Cottin.  -strip-level=2 is very useful:
     it cancels the graphical information left by graphic editors.
     Only the pure specification is then printed.

 - Style Sheet: Sed (`sed.ssh')
     Comments and labels are highlighted.  Other ideas are welcome!  A
     lot of work is still needed.

 - Style Sheet: Shell (`shell.ssh')
     This style sheet is not meant to be used directly, but rather an as
     ancestor for shell style sheets.

 - Style Sheet: SQL 92 (`sql92.ssh')
     Written by Pierre Mareschal.  18-MAR-97 This style is to be
     checked.

 - Style Sheet: Standard ML (`sml.ssh')
     Written by Franklin Chen,  Daniel Wang.  This style sheet takes
     advantage of the Symbol font to replace many ASCII operators with
     their natural graphical representation.  This is enabled only at
     heavy highlighting.

 - Style Sheet: Symbols (`symbols.ssh')
     This style sheet should be a precursor for any style sheet which
     uses LaTeX like symbols.

 - Style Sheet: TC Shell (`tcsh.ssh')
     Written by Jim Diamond.  C shell with file name completion and
     command line editing.

 - Style Sheet: TeX (`tex.ssh')
     Written by Denis Girou.  This is the style for (La)TeX files.
     It's mainly useful for people who develop (La)TeX packages.  With
     `-g', common mathematical symbols are represented graphically.

 - Style Sheet: Texinfo (`texinfo.ssh')
     Heavy highlighting prints the nodes on separate pages which title
     is the name of the node.

 - Style Sheet: TeXScript (`texscript.ssh')
     TeXScript is the new name of what used to be called PreScript.
     New PreScript has pure a2ps names, PreTeX has pure TeX names, and
     TeXScript mixes both.

 - Style Sheet: Tiger (`tiger.ssh')
     Tiger is a toy language that serves as example of the book Modern
     Compiler Implementation
     (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~appel/modern/) by Andrew W. Appel.

 - Style Sheet: tk (`tk.ssh')
     Written by  Larry W. Virden.  Since everything, or almost, is a
     string, what is printed is not always what you would like.

 - Style Sheet: Tool Command Language (`tcl.ssh')
     Written by  Larry W. Virden.  Since everything, or almost, is a
     string, what is printed is not always what you would like.

 - Style Sheet: Unified Diff (`udiff.ssh')
     This style is meant to be used onto the output unidiffs, that is
     to say output from `diff -u'.

     Typical use of this style is:
          diff -u old new | a2ps -Eudiff

     The prologue `diff' helps to highlight the differences (`a2ps
     -Ewdiff --prologue=diff').

 - Style Sheet: Unity (`unity.ssh')
     Written by Jean-Philippe Cottin.  The graphic conversion of the
     symbols (option `-g') is nice.

 - Style Sheet: VERILOG (`verilog.ssh')
     Written by Edward Arthur.  This style is devoted to the VERILOG
     hardware description language.

 - Style Sheet: VHDL (`vhdl.ssh')
     Written by Thomas Parmelan.  Non-textual operators are not
     highlighted.  Some logical operators are printed as graphical
     symbols in the second level of pretty-printing.

 - Style Sheet: Visual Basic for Applications (`vba.ssh')
     Written by Dirk Eddelbuettel.

 - Style Sheet: Visual Tcl (`vtcl.ssh')
     Written by Phil Hollenback.  All the Vtcl keywords that aren't in
     Tcl or TclX.

 - Style Sheet: VRML (`vrml.ssh')
     Written by Nadine Richard.  According to    Grammar Definition
     Version 2.0 ISO/IEC CD 14772
     (http://vag.vrml.org/VRML2.0/FINAL/spec/part1/grammar.html).

 - Style Sheet: wdiff (`wdiff.ssh')
     This style is meant to be used onto the output of Franc,ois
     Pinard's program `wdiff'.  `wdiff' is a utility that underlines
     the differences of words between to files.  Where `diff' make only
     the difference between lines that have changed, `wdiff' reports
     words that have changed inside the lines.

     Typical use of this style is:
          wdiff old new | a2ps -Ewdiff

     `wdiff' can be found in usual GNU repositories.  The prologue
     `diff' helps to highlight the differences (`a2ps -Ewdiff
     --prologue=diff').

 - Style Sheet: XS (`xs.ssh')
     Written by Kestutis Kupciunas.  This style covers Perl XS language.

 - Style Sheet: Yacc (`yacc.ssh')
     Special tokens, and non terminal declarations are highlighted.

 - Style Sheet: Z Shell (`zsh.ssh')
     Zsh is a UNIX command interpreter (shell) usable as an interactive
     login shell and as a shell script command processor.  Of the
     standard shells, zsh most closely resembles ksh but includes many
     enhancements.  Zsh has comand line editing, builtin spelling
     correction, programmable command completion, shell functions (with
     autoloading), a history mechanism, and a host of other features.

     This style sheet highlights some classical program names and
     builtins in the second level of pretty-printing.


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Type Setting Style Sheets,  Next: Faces,  Prev: Known Style Sheets,  Up: Pretty Printing

Type Setting Style Sheets
=========================

   This section presents a few style sheets that define page description
languages (compared to most other style sheet meant to pretty print
source files).

* Menu:

* Symbol::                      Access to the glyphs of the Symbol font
* PreScript::                   Typesetting in an a2ps like syntax
* PreTeX::                      Typesetting in a LaTeX like syntax
* TeXScript::                   Typesetting in a mixture of both


File: a2ps.info,  Node: Symbol,  Next: PreScript,  Prev: Type Setting Style Sheets,  Up: Type Setting Style Sheets

Symbol
------

   The style sheet `Symbol' introduces easy to type keywords to obtain
the special characters of the PostScript font `Symbol'.  The keywords
are named to provide a LaTeX taste.  These keywords are also the names
used when designing a style sheet, hence to get the full list, see
*Note A Bit of Syntax::.

   If you want to know the correspondence, it is suggested to print the
style sheet file of `Symbol':
     a2ps -g symbol.ssh


File: a2ps.info,  Node: PreScript,  Next: PreTeX,  Prev: Symbol,  Up: Type Setting Style Sheets

PreScript
---------

   `PreScript' has been designed in conjunction with a2ps.  Since bold
sequences, special characters etc. were implemented in a2ps, we thought
it would be good to allow direct access to those features: `PreScript'
became an input language for a2ps, where special font treatments are
specified in an `ssh' syntax (*note Style Sheets Implementation::).

   The main advantages for using `PreScript' are:
   - it is fairly simple,

   - a2ps is small and easy to install, hence it is available on every
     UNIX platform.

   It can be a good candidate for generation of PostScript output
(syntactic pretty-printers, generation of various reports etc.).

* Menu:

* Syntax::                      Lexical specifications
* PreScript Commands::
* PreScript examples::

