Scaling

## Scaling Scaling — Scaling pixbufs and scaling and compositing pixbufs |

## Synopsis

    #include <gdk-pixbuf/gdk-pixbuf.h>

    enum        GdkInterpType;
    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple         (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type);
    void        gdk_pixbuf_scale                (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                                 int dest_x,
                                                 int dest_y,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 double offset_x,
                                                 double offset_y,
                                                 double scale_x,
                                                 double scale_y,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type);
    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple
                                                (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                                 int overall_alpha,
                                                 int check_size,
                                                 guint32 color1,
                                                 guint32 color2);
    void        gdk_pixbuf_composite            (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                                 int dest_x,
                                                 int dest_y,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 double offset_x,
                                                 double offset_y,
                                                 double scale_x,
                                                 double scale_y,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                                 int overall_alpha);
    void        gdk_pixbuf_composite_color      (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                                 int dest_x,
                                                 int dest_y,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 double offset_x,
                                                 double offset_y,
                                                 double scale_x,
                                                 double scale_y,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                                 int overall_alpha,
                                                 int check_x,
                                                 int check_y,
                                                 int check_size,
                                                 guint32 color1,
                                                 guint32 color2);
    enum        GdkPixbufRotation;
    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple        (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbufRotation angle);
    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_flip                 (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 gboolean horizontal);

## Description

The gdk-pixbuf contains functions to scale pixbufs, to scale pixbufs and composite against an existing image, and to scale pixbufs and composite against a solid color or checkerboard. Compositing a checkerboard is a common way to show an image with an alpha channel in image-viewing and editing software.

Since the full-featured functions (`gdk_pixbuf_scale()`, `gdk_pixbuf_composite()`, and `gdk_pixbuf_composite_color()`) are rather complex to use and have many arguments, two simple convenience functions are provided, `gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple()` and `gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple()` which create a new pixbuf of a given size, scale an original image to fit, and then return the new pixbuf.

The following example demonstrates handling an expose event by rendering the appropriate area of a source image (which is scaled to fit the widget) onto the widget's window. The source image is rendered against a checkerboard, which provides a visual representation of the alpha channel if the image has one. If the image doesn't have an alpha channel, calling `gdk_pixbuf_composite_color()` function has exactly the same effect as calling `gdk_pixbuf_scale()`.

Example 2. Handling an expose event.

    gboolean
    expose_cb (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventExpose *event, gpointer data)
    {
      GdkPixbuf *dest;

      dest = gdk_pixbuf_new (GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB, FALSE, 8, event->area.width, event->area.height);

      gdk_pixbuf_composite_color (pixbuf, dest,
                                  0, 0, event->area.width, event->area.height,
                                  -event->area.x, -event->area.y,
                                  (double) widget->allocation.width / gdk_pixbuf_get_width (pixbuf),
                                  (double) widget->allocation.height / gdk_pixbuf_get_height (pixbuf),
                                  GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR, 255,
                                  event->area.x, event->area.y, 16, 0xaaaaaa, 0x555555);

      gdk_pixbuf_render_to_drawable (dest, widget->window, widget->style->fg_gc[GTK_STATE_NORMAL],
                                     0, 0, event->area.x, event->area.y,
                                     event->area.width, event->area.height,
                                     GDK_RGB_DITHER_NORMAL, event->area.x, event->area.y);

      gdk_pixbuf_unref (dest);

      return TRUE;
    }

## Details

### enum GdkInterpType

    typedef enum {
    	GDK_INTERP_NEAREST,
    	GDK_INTERP_TILES,
    	GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR,
    	GDK_INTERP_HYPER
    } GdkInterpType;

This enumeration describes the different interpolation modes that can be used with the scaling functions. `GDK_INTERP_NEAREST` is the fastest scaling method, but has horrible quality when scaling down. `GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR` is the best choice if you aren't sure what to choose, it has a good speed/quality balance.

### Note

Cubic filtering is missing from the list; hyperbolic interpolation is just as fast and results in higher quality.

`GDK_INTERP_NEAREST` | Nearest neighbor sampling; this is the fastest and lowest quality mode. Quality is normally unacceptable when scaling down, but may be OK when scaling up.
`GDK_INTERP_TILES` | This is an accurate simulation of the PostScript image operator without any interpolation enabled. Each pixel is rendered as a tiny parallelogram of solid color, the edges of which are implemented with antialiasing. It resembles nearest neighbor for enlargement, and bilinear for reduction.
`GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR` | Best quality/speed balance; use this mode by default. Bilinear interpolation. For enlargement, it is equivalent to point-sampling the ideal bilinear-interpolated image. For reduction, it is equivalent to laying down small tiles and integrating over the coverage area.
`GDK_INTERP_HYPER` | This is the slowest and highest quality reconstruction function. It is derived from the hyperbolic filters in Wolberg's "Digital Image Warping", and is formally defined as the hyperbolic-filter sampling the ideal hyperbolic-filter interpolated image (the filter is designed to be idempotent for 1:1 pixel mapping).

### gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple ()

    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple         (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type);

Create a new GdkPixbuf containing a copy of `src` scaled to `dest_width` x `dest_height`. Leaves `src` unaffected. `interp_type` should be GDK_INTERP_NEAREST if you want maximum speed (but when scaling down GDK_INTERP_NEAREST is usually unusably ugly). The default `interp_type` should be GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR which offers reasonable quality and speed.

You can scale a sub-portion of `src` by creating a sub-pixbuf pointing into `src`; see `gdk_pixbuf_new_subpixbuf()`.

For more complicated scaling/compositing see `gdk_pixbuf_scale()` and `gdk_pixbuf_composite()`.

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`dest_width` : | the width of destination image
`dest_height` : | the height of destination image
`interp_type` : | the interpolation type for the transformation.
Returns : | the new GdkPixbuf, or `NULL` if not enough memory could be allocated for it.

### gdk_pixbuf_scale ()

    void        gdk_pixbuf_scale                (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                                 int dest_x,
                                                 int dest_y,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 double offset_x,
                                                 double offset_y,
                                                 double scale_x,
                                                 double scale_y,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type);

Creates a transformation of the source image `src` by scaling by `scale_x` and `scale_y` then translating by `offset_x` and `offset_y`, then renders the rectangle (`dest_x`, `dest_y`, `dest_width`, `dest_height`) of the resulting image onto the destination image replacing the previous contents.

Try to use `gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple()` first, this function is the industrial-strength power tool you can fall back to if `gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple()` isn't powerful enough.

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`dest` : | the GdkPixbuf into which to render the results
`dest_x` : | the left coordinate for region to render
`dest_y` : | the top coordinate for region to render
`dest_width` : | the width of the region to render
`dest_height` : | the height of the region to render
`offset_x` : | the offset in the X direction (currently rounded to an integer)
`offset_y` : | the offset in the Y direction (currently rounded to an integer)
`scale_x` : | the scale factor in the X direction
`scale_y` : | the scale factor in the Y direction
`interp_type` : | the interpolation type for the transformation.

### gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple ()

    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple
                                                (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                                 int overall_alpha,
                                                 int check_size,
                                                 guint32 color1,
                                                 guint32 color2);

Creates a new GdkPixbuf by scaling `src` to `dest_width` x `dest_height` and compositing the result with a checkboard of colors `color1` and `color2`.

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`dest_width` : | the width of destination image
`dest_height` : | the height of destination image
`interp_type` : | the interpolation type for the transformation.
`overall_alpha` : | overall alpha for source image (0..255)
`check_size` : | the size of checks in the checkboard (must be a power of two)
`color1` : | the color of check at upper left
`color2` : | the color of the other check
Returns : | the new GdkPixbuf, or `NULL` if not enough memory could be allocated for it.

### gdk_pixbuf_composite ()

    void        gdk_pixbuf_composite            (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                                 int dest_x,
                                                 int dest_y,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 double offset_x,
                                                 double offset_y,
                                                 double scale_x,
                                                 double scale_y,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                                 int overall_alpha);

Creates a transformation of the source image `src` by scaling by `scale_x` and `scale_y` then translating by `offset_x` and `offset_y`. This gives an image in the coordinates of the destination pixbuf. The rectangle (`dest_x`, `dest_y`, `dest_width`, `dest_height`) is then composited onto the corresponding rectangle of the original destination image.

When the destination rectangle contains parts not in the source image, the data at the edges of the source image is replicated to infinity.

Figure 1. Compositing of pixbufs

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`dest` : | the GdkPixbuf into which to render the results
`dest_x` : | the left coordinate for region to render
`dest_y` : | the top coordinate for region to render
`dest_width` : | the width of the region to render
`dest_height` : | the height of the region to render
`offset_x` : | the offset in the X direction (currently rounded to an integer)
`offset_y` : | the offset in the Y direction (currently rounded to an integer)
`scale_x` : | the scale factor in the X direction
`scale_y` : | the scale factor in the Y direction
`interp_type` : | the interpolation type for the transformation.
`overall_alpha` : | overall alpha for source image (0..255)

### gdk_pixbuf_composite_color ()

    void        gdk_pixbuf_composite_color      (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                                 int dest_x,
                                                 int dest_y,
                                                 int dest_width,
                                                 int dest_height,
                                                 double offset_x,
                                                 double offset_y,
                                                 double scale_x,
                                                 double scale_y,
                                                 GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                                 int overall_alpha,
                                                 int check_x,
                                                 int check_y,
                                                 int check_size,
                                                 guint32 color1,
                                                 guint32 color2);

Creates a transformation of the source image `src` by scaling by `scale_x` and `scale_y` then translating by `offset_x` and `offset_y`, then composites the rectangle (`dest_x` ,`dest_y`, `dest_width`, `dest_height`) of the resulting image with a checkboard of the colors `color1` and `color2` and renders it onto the destination image.

See `gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple()` for a simpler variant of this function suitable for many tasks.

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`dest` : | the GdkPixbuf into which to render the results
`dest_x` : | the left coordinate for region to render
`dest_y` : | the top coordinate for region to render
`dest_width` : | the width of the region to render
`dest_height` : | the height of the region to render
`offset_x` : | the offset in the X direction (currently rounded to an integer)
`offset_y` : | the offset in the Y direction (currently rounded to an integer)
`scale_x` : | the scale factor in the X direction
`scale_y` : | the scale factor in the Y direction
`interp_type` : | the interpolation type for the transformation.
`overall_alpha` : | overall alpha for source image (0..255)
`check_x` : | the X offset for the checkboard (origin of checkboard is at -`check_x`, -`check_y`)
`check_y` : | the Y offset for the checkboard
`check_size` : | the size of checks in the checkboard (must be a power of two)
`color1` : | the color of check at upper left
`color2` : | the color of the other check

### enum GdkPixbufRotation

    typedef enum {
    	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_NONE             =   0,
    	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_COUNTERCLOCKWISE =  90,
    	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_UPSIDEDOWN       = 180,
    	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_CLOCKWISE        = 270
    } GdkPixbufRotation;

The possible rotations which can be passed to `gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple()`. To make them easier to use, their numerical values are the actual degrees.

`GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_NONE` | No rotation.
`GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_COUNTERCLOCKWISE` | Rotate by 90 degrees.
`GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_UPSIDEDOWN` | Rotate by 180 degrees.
`GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_CLOCKWISE` | Rotate by 270 degrees.

### gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple ()

    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple        (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 GdkPixbufRotation angle);

Rotates a pixbuf by a multiple of 90 degrees, and returns the result in a new pixbuf.

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`angle` : | the angle to rotate by
Returns : | a new pixbuf

Since 2.6

### gdk_pixbuf_flip ()

    GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_flip                 (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                                 gboolean horizontal);

Flips a pixbuf horizontally or vertically and returns the result in a new pixbuf.

`src` : | a GdkPixbuf
`horizontal` : | `TRUE` to flip horizontally, `FALSE` to flip vertically
Returns : | a new pixbuf.

Since 2.6

## See Also

GdkRGB.