Relative octaves - GNU LilyPond
Description: GNU LilyPond

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#### 6.2.1 Relative octaves

Octaves are specified by adding `'` and `,` to pitch names. When you copy existing music, it is easy to accidentally put a pitch in the wrong octave and hard to find such an error. The relative octave mode prevents these errors by making the mistakes much larger: a single error puts the rest of the piece off by one octave

    \relative startpitch musicexpr

or

    \relative musicexpr

`c'` is used as the default if no starting pitch is defined.

The octave of notes that appear in musicexpr are calculated as follows: if no octave changing marks are used, the basic interval between this and the last note is always taken to be a fourth or less. This distance is determined without regarding alterations; a `fisis` following a `ceses` will be put above the `ceses`. In other words, a doubly-augmented fourth is considered a smaller interval than a diminished fifth, even though the doubly-augmented fourth spans seven semitones while the diminished fifth only spans six semitones.

The octave changing marks `'` and `,` can be added to raise or lower the pitch by an extra octave. Upon entering relative mode, an absolute starting pitch can be specified that will act as the predecessor of the first note of musicexpr. If no starting pitch is specified, then middle C is used as a start.

Here is the relative mode shown in action

>          \relative c'' {
>            b c d c b c bes a
>          }

Octave changing marks are used for intervals greater than a fourth

>          \relative c'' {
>            c g c f, c' a, e''
>          }

If the preceding item is a chord, the first note of the chord is used to determine the first note of the next chord

>          \relative c' {
>            c <c e g>
>            <c' e g>
>            <c, e' g>
>          }

The pitch after the `\relative` contains a note name.

The relative conversion will not affect `\transpose`, `\chordmode` or `\relative` sections in its argument. To use relative within transposed music, an additional `\relative` must be placed inside `\transpose`.

This page is for LilyPond-2.8.8 (stable-branch).

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