<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdex.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY kappname "&kformula;">
  <!ENTITY package "koffice">
  <!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE" > <!-- change language only here -->
  <!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE">
]>
 
<book lang="&language;">

<bookinfo>
<title>The &kformula; Users Manual</title>

<authorgroup>

<author>
<firstname>Jonathan</firstname>
<surname>Drews</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>j.e.drews@att.net</email></address></affiliation>
</author>

<othercredit role="developer">
<firstname>Ulrich</firstname>
<othername></othername>
<surname>K&uuml;ttler</surname>
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
</othercredit>

<!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS -->

</authorgroup>

<legalnotice>&FDLNotice;</legalnotice>

<date>2002-02-19</date>
<releaseinfo>0.00.02</releaseinfo>

<abstract>
<para>
&kformula; is used to layout formulas.
</para>
</abstract>


<keywordset>
<keyword>KDE</keyword>
<keyword>KOffice</keyword>
<keyword>kformula</keyword>
<keyword>formula</keyword>
</keywordset>

</bookinfo>

<chapter id="introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>&kformula; is used to write formulas. It doesn't evaluate
anything. All it does is print them.</para>
<para>&kformula; was designed for your editing pleasure. It makes it
delightful to enter Greek letters, fractions and all the stuff that
makes a formula look like a formula.</para> 
<para>But most of the time you won't want to use &kformula; itself.
Instead you might choose to use it from within &kword; or any other
&koffice; application. That is &kformula; is not a useful application
on its own but an extension to all the other &koffice; applications
you've fallen in love with.</para>

<para>Where ever &kformula; gets embedded, it will
behave the same.</para>

</chapter>

<chapter id="basics">
<title>Basics</title>
<para>A new (empty) &kformula; document looks like a small blue square.
This square stands for the central idea of &kformula;. It represents an
empty list. The idea of &kformula; is to have different elements
arranged in lists. An element in this respect might be a single char
or a root symbol or something like that. The lists are put together so
that they form a formula. That is there are lists for indexes, lower
and upper bounds and so on. And of course there is the main
list, which we've already seen.</para>

<para>Writing a formula means to fill the empty list with letters,
figures and mathematical symbols. That is straightforward: use your
keyboard. As soon as you type something the <quote>empty</quote>
symbol will vanish and you will see whatever you have inserted
instead. New characters are always put at the current cursor
position.</para>

<para>There is a toolbar called <guilabel>Add</guilabel> that allows
you to create more complex elements. There are indices, fractions,
roots and matrices to name a few. All these elements
consist of at least one list, you can move the cursor into and insert
new items.</para>

</chapter>

<chapter id="using-kformula">
<title>Using &kformula;</title>
<para> Below is a typical formula entry in &kformula;. To enter the partial
derivatives and Greek letters click on the symbol combo box, on the
right, and select the appropriate symbol. The symbol combo box, in the figure 
below, has the word
<quote>Cap</quote> on it. Click on the return key symbol to the right of it,
to enter a symbol.</para>
<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Screenshot of &kformula;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="green1.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	   <textobject>
	    <phrase>Screenshot of &kformula;</phrase>
	  </textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para> The Greens formula above can be printed to a &PostScript;
file. To do that choose <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> and configure print as shown below:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Here's a screenshot of Greens Formula in &kformula;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="green2.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Here's a screenshot of Greens Formula in &kformula;</phrase></textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>
Here is what the the resulting &PostScript; file should look
like:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Here is the &PostScript; output from &kformula;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="greens.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<important>
<para>See the <link linkend="fonts">Mathematical Fonts</link> section
for font installation details. You must install the esstix fonts to
get these results
</para>
</important>

<sect1 id="kformula-features">
<title>More &kformula; features</title>

<para>More on formulas</para>
<para>To enter matrices, click on the <guiicon>[ ]</guiicon> and then click
on the matrix symbol <inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="matrix.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.
You can move from matrix element to matrix element using the arrow
keys <keysym>Right arrow</keysym>, <keysym>Up arrow</keysym>,
<keysym>Down arrow</keysym> and  <keysym>Left arrow</keysym>. An example matrix 
is shown below.
</para>
<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Here is the resulting matrix;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="matrix-view.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect1>
</chapter>

<chapter id="commands">
<title>Command Reference</title>

<sect1 id="kformula-mainwindow">
<title>The main &kformula; window</title>

<sect2>
<title>The <guimenu>File</guimenu> Menu</title>

<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Creates a new &kformula; 
document</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>O</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Open</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Opens a previously saved 
document</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Open Recent</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>displays a selection of recently saved documents you can open</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Save</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Saves the document</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Save As</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Saves the document with a name you provide</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>P</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Prints the document</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Print Preview...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Shows how the printed document will appear</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Document Information...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Provides a dialog box where you can enter your name,
e-mail address and a short description about the document</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Send File...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Invokes Kmail so you can e-mail the file.
Note: You still have to attach the file to the e-mail</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>W</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Closes the current document</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Q</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Quits</action> &kformula;</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>The <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> Menu</title>

<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Undo</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Undoes an action. You can revert to the state that existed
before your last change</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl; &Shift; <keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Redo</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Undoes an undo. Reverse the action of Undo. This will restore the change
you originally made</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>X</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Cuts a highlighted piece of text from the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Copies a highlighted piece of text from the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>V</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Pastes the text you selected with Cut or Copy to the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Select All</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Highlights all the text in the &kformula; screen for
either Cut or Copy.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>R</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Remove enclosing element</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Removes enclosing braces, brackets or absolute value bars.
This action takes place on the braces just outside the cursor.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>G</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Convert to Greek</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Converts a Latin character to a Greek symbol.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Edit Formula String</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Brings up an editor where you can edit the existing formula.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>See the <link linkend="advanced"> Advanced editing</link> 
section for details.</para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>The <guimenu>Element</guimenu> Menu</title>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>2</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add root</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the square root.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>3</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add fraction</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a fraction.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add bracket</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a pair of brackets, &ie; ( ). You can also just 
type ( to insert a pair of brackets.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>3</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add fraction</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a fraction.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>6</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add integral</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the integral sign.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>7</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add sum</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the summation sign 
(sigma).</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>4</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add prod</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the product sign.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>8</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add matrix</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a matrix. A dialog box pops up, with the default size being 3x3.
You can specify the number of rows and columns in this box.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add 1x2 matrix</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a two rowed column vector.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add upper index</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Adds an upper index like so:         </action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="upper-index.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add lower index</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Adds a lower index:  </action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="lower-index.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
<note><para> See the <link linkend="indices">Definite Integrals and
Indices</link> section for details about indices.</para></note></listitem>
</varlistentry>



<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add thin space</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a small space.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add medium space</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a space that is one and a half times wider.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>


<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add thick space</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a double space.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Add...</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Add quad space</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a quadruple wide space.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Insert Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a column in an existing matrix. The column is inserted where the cursor is at.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Append Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Appends a column to an existing matrix. The column is appended on the right.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Remove Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Removes a column from an existing matrix. Removal occurs where the cursor is positioned.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Insert Row</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a row in an existing matrix. The row is inserted where the cursor is at.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Append Row</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Appends a row to an existing matrix. The row is appended on the bottom.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Remove Row</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Removes a row from an existing matrix. Removal occurs where the cursor is positioned.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Left delimiter</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Allows insertion of various delimiters &ie; (, {, and 
[.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Right delimiter</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Allows insertion of various delimiters &ie; ), }, and 
].</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>I</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Insert symbol</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the symbol, selected in the symbol 
toolbar.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>The <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> Menu</title>
<para>Here you can choose how &kformula; is configured.
 You can select the toolbars you want displayed or the type of fonts to be 
used.</para>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Syntax highlighting</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Checking this item determines if the numbers will be 
displayed in color</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show file toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Toggles the toolbar that contains clickable icons for 
new, open and save files.
Print and print preview are here also.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show edit toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Toggles the edit toolbar.Here are clickable icons for 
cut and paste as well as Undo and Redo.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show add toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>This toolbar contains all the mathematical elements such 
as Sum, Integral, Exponent &etc;.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show symbol toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>This toggles the combo box that contains Del, the 
partial derivative symbol, limit arrows, 
boolean operators and other mathematical symbols.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>


<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show matrix toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>This toggles the matrix toolbar. It contains clickable 
icons that pertain to matrix creation and editing.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Configuring Shortcuts</title>

<para>The <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Shortcuts...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
allows you to specify key bindings</para>


<para>Below is an example of how to configure a short cut for making a
thick space.
</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of shortcut dialog</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="shortcut0.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
Click on the custom button.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Next click on the primary button.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Do <userinput><keycombo
action="seq"><keycap>CTRL</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput>
and the dialog should disappear. The keybinding is now entered. 
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of keybinding  dialog</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="shortcut1.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Pressing the keys <userinput><keycombo
action="seq"><keycap>CTRL</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput>
now produces a thick space.
</para>
</sect2>


<sect2>
<title>Configuring Toolbars</title>
<para>The <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Toolbars...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
Is used to add additional buttons to the toolbars.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of toolbars dialog</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="toolbars.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>


<itemizedlist>

<listitem>
<para>To add a button to the File toolbar, 
</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of toolbars dialog</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="file-toolbar.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>  make sure <guilabel>File
  &lt;KOfficeShell&gt;</guilabel> is displayed in the top combo box.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Click on one of the items in the left hand pane. This item will now have a
blue background showing that it has been selected.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Next click on the <keysym>Right arrow</keysym> button to place it in
the right pane.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Click on <userinput><guilabel>Apply</guilabel></userinput> and then
click on <userinput><guilabel>OK</guilabel></userinput>
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>


<para>The new Item should be in the toolbar. <inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="file-toolbar2.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>


</sect2>




<sect2>
<title>Configuring &kformula;</title>
<para>The <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure
&kformula;...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> is where the font sizes are
selected and additional fonts are installed.</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The <guilabel>Formula</guilabel> section allows you to select fonts
and font highlight colors.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>

<para>The <guilabel>Fonts</guilabel> section allows you to install
additional fonts. See the <link linkend="additional-fonts">Additional
Math Fonts</link> section.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>



<sect2>
<title>The <guimenu>Help</guimenu> Menu</title>

&help.menu.documentation;

</sect2>
</sect1>

</chapter>

<chapter id="advanced">
<title>Advanced Editing</title>

<sect1 id="insertion">
<title>Name insertion</title>
<para>
A special feature is the name insertion. The blue square you
type into is actual a list. Furthermore, that list can contain other
lists. When you type a backslash (<literal>\</literal>) you get a new
empty list right away. But this one is special. It uses a different
font and is meant to insert things like function names. There is,
however, a second idea here. Your keyboard only has a limited number of keys. 
The wealth of mathematical symbols on the other side is overwhelming. To get one 
of those you can type its name and press the space key afterwards. The name you 
typed will be replaced by the symbol then. In this context, the
<keycap>Space</keycap> key means <quote>get out of here</quote>, that
is move the cursor to the containing list. The cursor will be
positioned at the end of what you just entered but will also enclose part of the original
formula, after pressing the space bar.
</para>

<para>Another thing you might want to insert are spaces. We all know,
printing formulae is all about the right spacing. And you can do just
that using a <quote>name list</quote>.</para>
<para>
Inside the blue square do: <userinput><keycombo 
action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>,</keycap><keycap>SPACE</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a small space.
</para>
<para>
Do: <userinput><keycombo 
action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>&lt;</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a medium space.
</para>
<para>
Do: <userinput><keycombo 
action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>;</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a thick space.
</para>
<para>
Do: <userinput><keycap>\</keycap> quad <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput> to get 
a quadruple wide space.
</para>
<para>
In the same way, specific mathematical symbols can be inserted.  
<userinput><keycap>\</keycap> oint <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput> inserts 
the path integral about a closed contour. Below is the result of 
<userinput><keycap>\</keycap> oint <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput>:</para>
<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of path integral</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="path-integral.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="formula-strings">
<title>Editing Formulas</title>

<para>The <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Edit Formula String</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> allows the user to edit the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> formulas that have been copied from other applications,
such as Scilab, and  transform them directly into mathematical type. An example will make this clear. Below 
is a screenshot of <literal>INRIA</literal> Scilab.
</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Scilab picture</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="scilab.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para> Copy and paste the text beginning with <literal>x*sin(30*x)</literal> into the formula editor as 
shown below:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Scilab formula edit picture</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="scilab-edit.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>If you click on <guilabel>OK</guilabel>, the editor will complain about aborted parsing. It cannot
recognize one of the symbols in the formula. The displayed formula would show that the Pi symbol is
not correctly rendered. This means that the <literal>%</literal> must be deleted. Do this and &kformula; will 
render the mathematical font properly, as shown below.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Scilab formula rendered in &kformula;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="sin.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para> The formula editor will accept most C language mathematical expressions, like the formulas from a 
Runge-Kutta program below:</para>
<programlisting><function>void derivs(float x, float y[], float dydx[])
{
 dydx[1] = y[2];
 dydx[2] = -0.8*x*y[2] - sin(x)*y[1];
}</function></programlisting>

<para>Here <literal>dydx[1]</literal> is the first order derivative and <literal>dydx[2]</literal> is the second order
derivative. After copying the formula, you will have to edit the derivatives with &kformula;. Here is how it is done.
First copy and paste the bottom expression into the formula editor.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta in editor;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="rk-edit0.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Next remove the <literal>[ ]</literal>, leaving just y's.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta edited</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="rk-edit1.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Now click OK and place the cursor by a <literal>y</literal> and delete it. Insert the appropriate symbols as
shown below.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta in &kformula;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="rk-edit2.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Not every expression that &kformula; is capable of translates into a valid C expression. For example the
superscript expression:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Superscript in &kformula;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="ambiguous-string.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>is displayed as <literal>()**()</literal>, which is not a valid C statement for exponentiation. Similarly the 1 by 2
matrix displays as <literal>()/()</literal>. This is not a valid array in C.</para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="indices">
<title>Definite Integrals and Indices</title>
<sect2>
<title>Definite Integrals</title>
<para> A definite integral is made by using <keycombo
action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> for the upper limit
of integration and <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo>
for the lower limit of integration.
</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>definite integral</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="definite_integral.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>Reposition the cursor in front of the integral after making the
first of the limits.</para>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Positioning Indices</title>
<para>
The upper or lower index can be positioned by highlighting the desired
text. In this example, an arrow is needed above the P, in dP. Using <keycombo
action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> places the desired vector
symbol in the wrong place; namely above the <quote>d</quote>.  
<inlinemediaobject><imageobject> 
	    <imagedata fileref="incorrect_index_location.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>
</para>
 
<para>The problem is solved by
	    highlighting only the P in  <inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="index_smear.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject></inlinemediaobject>  and then entering <keycombo
action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo>. Here is the correct
	  result. <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="correct_index_location.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject>
</para>
</sect2>

</sect1>
</chapter>


<chapter id="fonts">
<title>Mathematical Fonts</title>

<para>
In order to print postscript files from &kformula;, you need to get
the esstix fonts. These fonts can be obtained from 
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.elsevier.nl/pub/styles/esstix/esstix.zip">
ftp://ftp.elsevier.nl/pub/styles/esstix/esstix.zip</ulink>
</para>

<sect1>
<title>Installing the fonts with &kcontrol;</title>

<para>
After downloading the fonts, install them into a folder called
<filename class="directory">esstix</filename>. You can unpack them with 
the &kde; application &ark;. <mousebutton>Right</mousebutton> click on
<filename>esstix.zip</filename> and select <guimenuitem>Extract
here...</guimenuitem>.   
Then start the &kde; font installer by going to the K menu and
selecting the command <menuchoice><guimenu>Control 
Center</guimenu><guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>
Font Installer</guimenuitem></menuchoice> You should get the following
screen:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of the &kde; font installer</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="kfontinst1.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Picture of the &kde; font installer</phrase></textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>
You will need to run the font installer with <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> privileges. Click on the button
<guibutton>Administrator Mode</guibutton> and enter your <systemitem 
class="username">root</systemitem> password. Click on the button 
<guibutton>Change Folder</guibutton>. 
This should bring up a pane from where you can select the folder your fonts are 
stored in. In
this example they are stored in <filename
class="directory">/home/poincare/esstix</filename>.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of the &kde; font installer</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="kfontinst2.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Picture of the &kde; font installer</phrase></textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Click on the the folder <filename
class="directory">esstix</filename> and then click on the
<guibutton>OK</guibutton> button. You should obtain the following
result.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of font installer ready to install</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="kfontinst3.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Picture of font installer ready to 
install</phrase></textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>
Click on the top font entry. Holding down the &Shift; key, click on
the last esstix font, at the bottom. Your selection should look like
this.</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of the font installer installing</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="kfontinst4.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Picture of the font installer 
installing</phrase></textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>


<para>You should use the native <acronym>AFM</acronym> files. Set up
your 
<menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem></menuchoice> as shown below. The <guilabel>Generate AFM's, with</guilabel> box 
should be unchecked:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of settings tab</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="kfontinst-right.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Picture of settings tab</phrase></textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Return to the <menuchoice><guimenu>Fonts</guimenu></menuchoice>
tab. Click on the <guibutton>Install</guibutton> button. The fonts
will install. After this you must click on the
<guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button. the following splash will
appear:</para>

<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Picture of &kcontrol; applying the fonts</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="kfontinst5.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
<textobject><phrase>Picture of &kcontrol; applying the 
fonts</phrase></textobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>

<para>Answer <guibutton>Yes</guibutton> to the <guilabel>Apply system
changes now</guilabel> dialog. You are done installing the esstix fonts.
</para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="additional-fonts">
<title>Additional Math Fonts</title>
<para>Additional math fonts can be installed with <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure
Kformula...</guimenuitem></menuchoice><guilabel> Math Fonts </guilabel>
</para>
<screenshot>
<screeninfo>Add math fonts;</screeninfo>
	<mediaobject>
	  <imageobject>
	    <imagedata fileref="additional_fonts1.png" format="PNG"/>
	  </imageobject>
	</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>First install the desired fonts with the Font Installer, in
&kcontrol;. This will make them available to your computer. Next enter
the <guilabel> Math Fonts </guilabel> section and add them using the 
<keysym>Right arrow</keysym>, as shown above. The Euclid Symbol fonts,
that were added above, are now available in the <guilabel>Insert Symbol </guilabel>combo box.
</para>

</sect1>

</chapter>

<chapter id="credits-and-licenses">
<title>Credits and Licenses</title>

<para>&kformula; copyright Ulrich K&uuml;ttler</para>
<para>Co-developer: Andrea Rizzi</para>

<para>Documentation copyright 2002 Jonathan Drews
<email>j.e.drews@att.net</email></para>

&underFDL;
&underGPL;

</chapter>

<appendix id="installation">
<title>Installation</title>

<sect1 id="getting-kformula">
<title>How to obtain &kformula;</title>

&install.intro.documentation;

</sect1>

<sect1 id="requirements">
<title>Requirements</title>

<para>
&kformula; is part of &koffice; 
on <ulink url="http://www.koffice.org/kformula ">The &kformula; home 
page</ulink>
You must have &koffice; installed. &kformula; will not work without the rest of 
&koffice;
</para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="compilation">
<title>Compilation and Installation</title>


&install.compile.documentation;

</sect1>

<sect1 id="configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>

<para>Some fonts will not work with &kformula;. You will need to try several 
to achieve a satisfactory rendering.</para>

</sect1>

</appendix>

&documentation.index; 

</book>
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