Postfix IPv6 Support

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Introduction

Postfix 2.2 introduces support for the IPv6 (IP version 6) protocol. IPv6
support older Postfix versions was available as an add-on patch. The section
"Compatibility with Postfix <2.2 IPv6 support" below discusses the differences
between these implementations.

The main feature of interest is that IPv6 uses 128-bit IP addresses instead of
the 32-bit addresses used by IPv4. It can therefore accommodate a much larger
number of hosts and networks without ugly kluges such as NAT. A side benefit of
the much larger address space is that it makes network scanning unpractical.

Postfix uses the same SMTP protocol over IPv6 as it already uses over the older
IPv4 network, and does AAAA record lookups in the DNS in addition to the older
A records. Information about IPv6 can be found at http://www.ipv6.org/.

This document provides information on the following topics:

  * Supported platforms
  * Configuration
  * Known limitations
  * Compatibility with Postfix <2.2 IPv6 support
  * IPv6 Support for unsupported platforms
  * Credits

Supported Platforms

Postfix version 2.2 supports IPv4 and IPv6 on the following platforms:

  * AIX 5.1+
  * Darwin 7.3+
  * FreeBSD 4+
  * Linux 2.4+
  * NetBSD 1.5+
  * OpenBSD 2+
  * Solaris 8+
  * Tru64Unix V5.1+

On other platforms Postfix will simply use IPv4 as it has always done.

See below for tips how to port Postfix IPv6 support to other environments.

Configuration

Postfix IPv6 support introduces two new main.cf configuration parameters, and
introduces an important change in address syntax notation in match lists such
as mynetworks or debug_peer_list.

Postfix IPv6 address syntax is a little tricky, because there are a few places
where you must enclose an IPv6 address inside "[]" characters, and a few places
where you must not. It is a good idea to use "[]" only in the few places where
you have to. Check out the postconf(5) manual whenever you do IPv6 related
configuration work with Postfix.

  * Instead of hard-coding 127.0.0.1 and ::1 loopback addresses in master.cf,
    specify "inet_interfaces = loopback-only" in main.cf. This way you can use
    the same master.cf file regardless of whether or not Postfix will run on an
    IPv6-enabled system.

  * The first new parameter is called inet_protocols. This specifies what
    protocols Postfix will use when it makes or accepts network connections,
    and also controls what DNS lookups Postfix will use when it makes network
    connections.

        /etc/postfix/main.cf:
            # You must stop/start Postfix after changing this parameter.
            inet_protocols = ipv4       (DEFAULT: enable IPv4 only)
            inet_protocols = all        (enable IPv4, and IPv6 if supported)
            inet_protocols = ipv4, ipv6 (enable both IPv4 and IPv6)
            inet_protocols = ipv6       (enable IPv6 only)

    By default, Postfix uses IPv4 only, because most systems aren't attached to
    an IPv6 network.

      o On systems with combined IPv4/IPv6 stacks, attempts to deliver mail via
        IPv6 would always fail with "network unreachable", and those attempts
        would only slow down Postfix.

      o Linux kernels don't even load IPv6 protocol support by default. Any
        attempt to use it would fail immediately.

    Note 1: you must stop and start Postfix after changing the inet_protocols
    configuration parameter.

    Note 2: if you see error messages like the following, then you're running
    Linux and need to turn on IPv6 in the kernel: see http://www.ipv6.org/ for
    hints and tips. Unlike other systems, Linux does not have a combined stack
    for IPv4 and IPv6, and IPv6 protocol support is not loaded by default.

        postconf: warning: inet_protocols: IPv6 support is disabled: Address
        family not supported by protocol
        postconf: warning: inet_protocols: configuring for IPv4 support only

    Note 3: on older Linux and Solaris systems, the setting "inet_protocols =
    ipv6" will not prevent Postfix from accepting IPv4 connections. Postfix
    will present the client IP addresses in IPv6 format, though. In all other
    cases, Postfix always presents IPv4 client IP addresses in the traditional
    dotted quad IPv4 format.

  * The other new parameter is smtp_bind_address6. This sets the local
    interface address for outgoing IPv6 SMTP connections, just like the
    smtp_bind_address parameter does for IPv4:

        /etc/postfix/main.cf:
            smtp_bind_address6 = 2001:240:5c7:0:250:56ff:fe89:1

  * If you left the value of the mynetworks parameter at its default (i.e. no
    mynetworks setting in main.cf) Postfix will figure out by itself what its
    network addresses are. This is what a typical setting looks like:

        % postconf mynetworks
        mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 168.100.189.0/28 [::1]/128 [fe80::]/10 [2001:
        240:5c7::]/64

    If you did specify the mynetworks parameter value in main.cf, you need
    update the mynetworks value to include the IPv6 networks the system is in.
    Be sure to specify IPv6 address information inside "[]", like this:

        /etc/postfix/main.cf:
            mynetworks = ...IPv4 networks... [::1]/128 [2001:240:5c7::]/64 ...

NOTE: when configuring Postfix match lists such as mynetworks or
debug_peer_list, you must specify IPv6 address information inside "[]" in the
main.cf parameter value and in files specified with a "/file/name" pattern.
IPv6 addresses contain the ":" character, and would otherwise be confused with
a "type:table" pattern.

Known Limitations

  * The order of IPv6/IPv4 outgoing connection attempts is not yet
    configurable. Currently, IPv6 is tried before IPv4.

  * Postfix currently does not support DNSBL (real-time blackhole list) lookups
    for IPv6 client IP addresses; currently there are no blacklists that cover
    the IPv6 address space.

  * IPv6 does not have class A, B, C, etc. networks. With IPv6 networks, the
    setting "mynetworks_style = class" has the same effect as the setting
    "mynetworks_style = subnet".

  * On Tru64Unix and AIX, Postfix can't figure out the local subnet mask and
    always assumes a /128 network. This is a problem only with
    "mynetworks_style = subnet" and no explicit mynetworks setting in main.cf.

Compatibility with Postfix <2.2 IPv6 support

Postfix version 2.2 IPv6 support is based on the Postfix/IPv6 patch by Dean
Strik and others, but differs in a few minor ways.

  * main.cf: The inet_interfaces parameter does not support the notation "ipv6:
    all" or "ipv4:all". Use the inet_protocols parameter instead.

  * main.cf: Specify "inet_protocols = all" or "inet_protocols = ipv4, ipv6" in
    order to enable both IPv4 and IPv6 support.

  * main.cf: The inet_protocols parameter also controls what DNS lookups
    Postfix will attempt to make when delivering or receiving mail.

  * main.cf: Specify "inet_interfaces = loopback-only" to listen on loopback
    network interfaces only.

  * The lmtp_bind_address and lmtp_bind_address6 features were omitted. The
    Postfix LMTP client will be absorbed into the SMTP client, so there is no
    reason to keep adding features to the LMTP client.

  * The SMTP server now requires that IPv6 addresses in SMTP commands are
    specified as [ipv6:ipv6address], as described in RFC 2821.

  * The IPv6 network address matching code was rewritten from the ground up,
    and is expected to be closer to the specification. The result may be
    incompatible with the Postfix/IPv6 patch.

IPv6 Support for unsupported platforms

Getting Postfix IPv6 working on other platforms involves the following steps:

  * Specify how Postfix should find the local network interfaces. Postfix needs
    this information to avoid mailer loops and to find out if mail for user@
    [ipaddress] is a local or remote destination.

    If your system has the getifaddrs() routine then add the following to your
    platform-specific section in src/util/sys_defs.h:

        #ifndef NO_IPV6
        # define HAS_IPV6
        # define HAVE_GETIFADDRS
        #endif

    Otherwise, if your system has the SIOCGLIF ioctl() command in /usr/include/
    */*.h, add the following to your platform-specific section in src/util/
    sys_defs.h:

        #ifndef NO_IPV6
        # define HAS_IPV6
        # define HAS_SIOCGLIF
        #endif

    Otherwise, Postfix will have to use the old SIOCGIF commands and get along
    with reduced IPv6 functionality (it won't be able to figure out your IPv6
    netmasks, which are needed for "mynetworks_style = subnet". Add this to
    your platform-specific section in src/util/sys_defs.h:

        #ifndef NO_IPV6
        # define HAS_IPV6
        #endif

  * Test if Postfix can figure out its interface information.

    After compiling Postfix in the usual manner, step into the src/util
    directory and type "make inet_addr_local". Running this file by hand should
    produce all the interface addresses and network masks, for example:

        % make
        % cd src/util
        % make inet_addr_local
        [... some messages ...]
        % ./inet_addr_local
        [... some messages ...]
        ./inet_addr_local: inet_addr_local: configured 2 IPv4 addresses
        ./inet_addr_local: inet_addr_local: configured 4 IPv6 addresses
        168.100.189.2/255.255.255.224
        127.0.0.1/255.0.0.0
        fe80:1::2d0:b7ff:fe88:2ca7/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
        2001:240:5c7:0:2d0:b7ff:fe88:2ca7/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
        fe80:5::1/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
        ::1/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

    The above is for an old FreeBSD machine. Other systems produce slightly
    different results, but you get the idea.

If none of all this produces a usable result, send email to the postfix-
users@postfix.org mailing list and we'll try to help you through this.

Credits

The following information is in part based on information that was compiled by
Dean Strik.

  * Mark Huizer wrote the original Postfix IPv6 patch.

  * Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino of the KAME project made substantial
    improvements. Since then, we speak of the KAME patch.

  * The PLD Linux Distribution ported the code to other stacks (notably USAGI).
    We speak of the PLD patch. A very important feature of the PLD patch was
    that it can work with Lutz Jaenicke's TLS patch for Postfix.

  * Dean Strik extended IPv6 support to platforms other than KAME and USAGI,
    updated the patch to keep up with Postfix development, and provided a
    combined IPv6 + TLS patch. Information about his effort can be found on
    Dean Strik's Postfix website at http://www.ipnet6.org/postfix/.

  * Wietse Venema took Dean Strik's IPv6 patch, merged it into Postfix 2.2, and
    took the opportunity to eliminate all IPv4-specific code from Postfix that
    could be removed. For systems without IPv6 support in the kernel and system
    libraries, Postfix has a simple compatibility layer, so that it will use
    IPv4 as before.

